GOOD AFTERNOON

GRADE 10!
 QUICK
REVIEW

Response Test!
 QUICK GAME

Response Test!
What are two divisions of nervous system ?
What are the components of CNS; PNS?
What are the four lobes of the brain? What are their functions?
1. Differentiate somatic and autonomic movement ? Give examples for
each.
Questions:
What are two divisions of nervous system ?
What are the components of CNS; PNS?
What are the four lobes of the brain? What are their
functions?
Differentiate somatic and autonomic movement ? Give
examples for each.
Let’s Watch!
 GROUP
ACTIVITY

Let’s Explore!
 DISCUSSION
PROPER

Let’s Discuss!
HOMEOSTASIS AND
THE BODY
SYSTEMS
In order to maintain a stable internal environment, the body has to
be provided with what it needs to survive: oxygen, nutrients, and
waste removal. This means all the organs systems have to
collectively work together to maintain homeostasis, constantly
adjusting to changes.
Nervous System
The nervous system is the control center of the body for
homeostasis, as it is in charge of monitoring, controlling and
regulating all the body systems. If ever anything inside and
outside the body deviates from the norm, signals are sent
through the nervous system. The central nervous system works
together with the peripheral nervous system to coordinate
different body functions to bring the body back to homeostasis.
• For example, if a change in temperature is detected, feedback
mechanisms coordinated by the nervous system help bring the
body temperature back to normal. Other examples include
vision and pupil dilation for sight and evasion of danger. The
nervous system enables the body to perceive the environment
and react to it.
Endocrine System
As mentioned earlier, this body system
regulates the body’s activities by secreting
hormones. These hormones travel from the
endocrine glands through the bloodstream to
go directly to the tissues and organs that they
are needed.
For example, the thyroid gland releases
hormones that regulate metabolism; the
pancreas produces the hormones insulin and
glucagon to control our blood sugar level; and
the testes and ovaries have the sex hormones
testosterone and estrogen and progesterone
respectively, which help the reproductive
system.
Respiratory System

This system, overseen by the nervous system, does

carbon dioxide and oxygen gas exchange. This gas
exchange happens in the alveoli of the lungs. Blood
passes through the tiny capillaries in the alveoli, with
oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusing in and out of the
blood.
Gas exchange is important because oxygen is
needed for cellular respiration, and carbon
dioxide is carried away as waste. It also maintains
blood pH. When a person breathes too fast, there
isn’t enough carbon dioxide in the blood
(meaning the blood pH is too basic); when a
person breathes too slowly, there is too much
carbon dioxide (meaning the blood pH is too
acidic).
Excretory System
Guided by the nervous and endocrine systems, this
system gets rid of waste materials to maintain
homeostasis. The kidneys are the main organs for
excretion, a filtering system that removes excess
water, salts, and other substances in the blood. The
leftover liquid is now urine, which is then excreted out
of the body through the urethra. Hormones are also
involved with the kidneys.
For example, the hypothalamus stimulates the kidneys to
produce antidiuretic hormone to produce more
concentrated urine when the body does not have enough
water; and the kidney hormone erythropoietin stimulates
bone marrow to produce red blood cells as needed.
HOMEOSTASIS AND
FEEDBACK
MECHANISMS
As the body systems work together to maintain homeostasis, feedback mechanisms, or systems
that respond to changes, occur in the body.
When there is a stimulus, or change in the environment, feedback mechanisms respond by
increasing or reducing the change to bring the systems back to normal. Positive feedback
increases the change, meaning there will be more of a product or a moving away from a target
point.
For example, more clotting to prevent excessive
bleeding. Negative feedback decreases the change,
meaning there will be less of a product. Or an action that
moves towards a target point. For example, if the body’s
temperature is too high, the body will trigger responses
to decrease body temperature
 Positive Feedback

When a response to a stimulus is

increased, positive feedback is
happening. Positive feedback is less
common than negative feedback.
 Examples
a. Milk production – After birth, there will be
high levels of prolactin in the body of a
woman in order to stimulate milk
production. The more the baby suckles and
needs milk, the more prolactin and
therefore more milk is produced.
b. Blood clotting – Wherever there is a wound or injury
in the body, signals are sent to platelets so that more and
more platelets can rush to the site of injury to form a
clot.
c. Labor contractions – When labor starts, more of
the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates
contractions, will be released to the cervix.
While positive feedback mechanisms are important
and can be beneficial, it needs to be controlled or
else the increased response will just continue until
the body is not in homeostasis anymore.
 Negative Feedback

When a response to a stimulus is decreased or reduced,

negative feedback is happening. Most of the body’s
feedback systems belong to this category. Negative
feedback allows the body to stabilize back to homeostasis.
Some examples of negative feedback include:
a. Temperature regulation – When
the body’s temperature rises, the
brain and skin receptors sense the
change, triggering several
responses in order to decrease
body temperature: the skin sweat,
and blood vessels near the skin’s
surface dilate..
Controlled blood glucose levels – When the glucose
levels in the blood are too high, the hormone insulin
from the pancreas is stimulated to absorb glucose and
convert glucose into glycogen. As the blood glucose
levels go down, less insulin is needed. But when blood
glucose levels are too low, another hormone from the
pancreas called glucagon is produced in order to
convert glycogen back to glucose, thereby increasing
the level of glucose in the blood.
Regulated blood pressure

If blood pressure is too low, the

brain signals the heart to increase
the rate in which it pumps blood;
if blood pressure is too high, the
heart is signaled to decrease heart
rate
 SUMMARY

QUESTIONS:
What are the body systems involved in homeostasis how do they maintain homeostasis?
Explain the negative and positive feedback mechanisms; give real life examples.
How do we maintain a healthy body?
 Let’s Examine!
(Short Quiz)
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the
correct answer and write your answer on ¼ sheet of
paper.
1. It is defined as a stable internal environment or equilibrium.
A. Feedback mechanism
B. Positive feedback mechanism
C. Homeostasis
D. Negative feedback mechanism
2. This body system is the control center of the body for homeostasis, as it
is in charge of monitoring, controlling and regulating all the body systems.
A. Endocrine system
B. Respiratory system
C. Excretory system
D. Nervous system
3. Which of the following is not considered as a negative feedback
mechanism?
A. Regulated blood pressure
B. Blood clotting
C. Temperature regulation
D. Controlled blood glucose levels
4. Which of the following is not an example of positive feedback
mechanism?
A. Temperature regulation
B. Blood clotting
C. Milk production
D. Labor contraction
5. Which of the following actions contributes to maintaining homeostasis
and achieving a healthy body?
A. Engaging in regular physical exercise to strengthen muscles and
improve cardiovascular health.
B. Getting enough sleep each night to allow the body to rest and repair.
C. Managing stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or
deep breathing exercises.
D. All of the above.
CORRECT ANSWERS:
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. D