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Learning Objectives Q
U
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S
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Learners are expected to: I A
T
1. describe the characteristics, strengths and A R
weaknesses and kinds of T C
I
H
qualitative research; and V
E
2. Illustrate the importance of qualitative I
research across fields.
Qualitative Research
is a scientific method of
observation to gather non-
numerical data. It refers to the
meanings, concepts, characteristics,
metaphors, symbols and description
of phenomena, and not to their counts
or measures.
According to Silverman (2013);
Litchman (2013); Walliman (2014); and
Suter (2012),
 qualitative research is an act of inquiry
or investigation of real-life events.
It is concerned with own experiences
of a life event, and the aim is to
interpret what has been said in order
to explain why it is said.
This is called natural setting.
Purpose of Qualitative
Research

Qualitative Research promotes a

deep, holistic understanding of a
particular phenomenon.
 1. Human understanding and
interpretation in data
Characteristics
analysis
of Qualitative 2. Active, powerful and
Research forceful in data
gathering and rephrasing
interview questions
3. Multiple research
approaches and methods
that allows you to plan
your study and being
multi-method research
 4. Specificity to
generalization on specific
Characteristics ideas will lead to
of Qualitative generalizations or
Research conclusions.
5. Contextualization -
context or situation of
individual’s life
6. Diversified data in
real-life situations on
collecting data in a
 7. Abounds with words
and visuals that
Characteristics presents people’s view
of Qualitative
Research
in a picture, video,
drawing or graphs.
8. Internal analysis
on examining the data
yielded by the
internal traits of the
subject persons
 1. It adopts a
naturalistic approach
Strengths to its subject matter.
of Qualitative
Research 2. Promotes a full
understanding of human
behavior/personality
traits in their natural
setting.
3. It is instrumental for
positive societal
changes.
 4.It engenders respect for
Strengths people’s individuality.
of Qualitative 5.It’s a way of understanding
Research & interpreting social
interactions.
6.Increases researcher’s
interests in the study.
7.Offers multiple ways of
acquiring and examining
knowledge about something
 1.It involves a lot of
researcher’s
Weaknesses subjectivity in data
of Qualitative
Research analysis.
2.It is hard to know the
validity/reliability of
the data.
3.It is open-ended
questions yield “data
overload” that requires
long-time analysis.
 1. Case Study -Long time
study of a person, group,
Kinds
organization or situation
of Qualitative
Research
and an empirical inquiry
that investigates current
phenomenon.
Example:

“Teenage Pregnancy in
the Public High
Schools”
 2. Ethnography- a study of
Kinds
of Qualitative a particular cultural
Research group. Example:
“Cultural Awareness
and Integration of
Peace Education in
the Indigenous Peoples
(IP) Communities”
 Kinds
of Qualitative 3. Phenomenology- “live-
Research experienced” of a
phenomenon.
Example:
“Life without Gadget”
 4. Content and Discourse Analysis-
a. Content Analysis- is a
Kinds research technique that
of Qualitative analyzes the modes of
Research communication such as
letters, e-mails etc.
b. Discourse Analysis- is
the study of social
life, understood through
analysis of language it
includes face-to-face talk,
non-verbal interaction,
images and symbols.
 Materials for Discourse
Kinds Analysis include books,
of Qualitative newspapers, periodicals,
Research brochures and
advertisements.
Example:
“A Discourse Analysis
on the Impact of
Modern Technologies on
Communication”
 Kinds 5. Historical Analysis- is a
of Qualitative qualitative method where
Research there is an examining of past
events to draw conclusions
and make predictions about
the future.
Example:
“The Impact of Ferdinand
Marcos’ Speech”
 6. Grounded Theory- takes place
Kinds when there is a discovery of
of Qualitative new theory which underlies
Research your study at the time of
data collection and analysis.
Example:
“The Story Behind the
Migration of Christians from
Visayas and Luzon to
Mindanao”
 7. Narrative Report - designed to
present things or events that
Kinds have happened in the past
of Qualitative through a logical progression
Research of the relevant information. The
main purpose of a narrative
report is to present a
factual depiction of what
has occurred.
Example:
“Vocabulary Building of
Students through Proper Solid
Waste Management”
 Kinds 8. Biography- is the study of an
of Qualitative individual’s life and struggles and
Research how they reflect cultural themes of
the society. It deals with an
interesting story found in
documents and archival materials. It
is concerned with the reconstruction
of life histories and the
constitution of meaning based on
biographical narratives and
documents.
Five common
types a. Scholarly Chronicles –
of biography focus on the historical
portrayal of an individual life.
Example:
“Biography of Gloria M.
Arroyo, the First Woman
President of the Philippines”
 b. Intellectual Biography- narrative
Five common of a life through the
types
of biography
conceptual analysis of the
subject’s motives and
beliefs within the world
of ideas.
Example:
“Life and Works of Dr.
Jose Rizal”
Five common c. Life History Writing-
types
recording of life memories,
of biography experiences, whether one’s
or another’s.

Example:
“The Hardships of Overseas
Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”.
 d. Memoir Biography-
Five common
stylistic presentation of the
types
biographer’s reflections and
of biography insights in relation to the
factual account of life.

Example:
“The Experiences of Stranded
Students in the COVID-19
Pandemic”
Five common
types
of biography
e. Narrative Biography-
a nonfiction account of life
experiences of a person.
Five common
types 9. Observational Research: Directly
of biography observing and recording
behaviors in a natural setting.
Example:
Observing classroom interactions
to understand teacher-student
dynamics.