1.

3 HYDROLOGICAL
DATA
 Hydrological Data
By using various analytical methods and scientific
techniques they collect and analyze information to
help solve water related problems.
 Hydrologist

Study how water across and through the earth’s crust.

They study how rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation
impact river flows or groundwater levels, and how surface
water and groundwater evaporate back into the atmosphere
or eventually reach the oceans.
 Hydrological Data
For the analysis and design of hydrologic project adequate
data and length of records are necessary.
The lack of adequate hydrologic data has probably been
the underlying cause of more loss of life and money
through failures of engineering structures and enterprises
than any other factor and we are daily paying large sums
because of this lack of data.
The basic hydrologic data required are;
(i) Climatological Data
(ii) Hydrometeorological data like temperature,
wind velocity, humidity etc.
(iii) Precipitation record
(iv) Stream-flow records
(v) Evaporation data
(vi) Cropping pattern, crops and their consumptive
use.
(i)Climatological Data
• Are archives of weather related and other meteorological
information collected from PAGASA field station. They are
quality controlled and then archived in electronic databases.

• Climatological data are collected using modern

observations mostly come from weather stations,weather
balloons, radar, ships and buoy, and satellites.
(ii)Hydrometeorological data like temperature,
wind velocity, humidity
• Data pertaining to this branch of meteorology and hydrology that
studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface
and the lower atmosphere.
• The hydrological cycle describes the transport cycle of water that
links the land, oceans, and atmosphere. Water moves between the
atmosphere, earth, and oceans through processes such as
precipitation and evaporation. Water is transported within the earth
via surface run-off and infiltration.
 Hydrometeorological Hazards

Cyclones Monsoons Tornadoes

Tropical depression, storm, Amihan (Northeast Monsoon) Hurricanes, Whirlwinds
typhoon and super typhoon Habagat (Southwest Monsoon)
 Hydrometeorological Monitoring System
Hydrometeorological monitoring systems encompass the
tools that measure change within the many variables of the
hydrological cycle. These monitoring and information systems
are used in several critical applications. These applications
and services are typically used to:
– Predict, forecast, and give early warning on hydrometeorological hazards.
– Assist in water resource management and allocation.
– Monitor, assess, and mitigate any climate-related risks.
(iii)Precipitation Record

• Precipitation is defined as liquid or solid condensation of

water vapor falling from clouds or deposited from air onto
the ground. Precipitation is measured as the amount of
water that reaches horizontal ground or the horizontal
ground projection plane of the earth’s surface, and is
expressed as a vertical depth of water or the water
equivalent of solid precipitation.
(iv) Stream-Flow Records
• The discharge of water flowing in a channel is measured using stream
gauges or can be estimated by manning equaiton.
• The record over time is called Hydrograph.
• Flooding occurs when the volume of the water exceeds the capacity of
the channel.
(v) Evaporation Data

• It contains the collected data of evaporation rate wherein,

Evaporation rate isthe ratio of the time required to evaporate a
test solvent under identical conditions. The results can be
expressed either as the percentage evaporated within ccertain
time frame.The time to evaporate a specified amount.
How evaporation data is collected?
It is measured daily as the depth of water (in inches)
evaporates from the pan.The measurement begins with the
pan filled to exactly two inches (5 cm) from the pan top. At
the end of 24hrs, the amount of water to refill the pan to
exactly two inches from its top is measured.

Pan
 (vi) Cropping pattern, crops and their consumptive use.

• Cropping pattern/cropping system refers to the type and sequence of

crops grown and practices used in growing them.

• Consumptive use of water by a crop is the depth of water consumed by

the plant in the process of interception, transpiration, and evaporation,
during crop growth. Also called as eva-transpiration. The value of of
consumptive use of water is needed to calculate the irrigation
requirement of the crop.