What makes up

matter?
 Matter
All living and nonliving things are made
up of matter .

Matter is anything that has a mass and

takes up space.

Mass is the amount of matter is an

object.

Example: large sand sculpture.

All matter is made up of tiny particles.

 Elements
Elements are basic kinds of matter

Elements are ingredients that make up all substances.

Elements cannot be broken down to any substances either

physically or chemically.

There are more that 100 elements, each element has different
characteristics.
 Metals
Most elements are metals.

Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.

They can be shaped as sheets and wires that can be

bend without breaking.

Some metals like iron are solids with grey color

Smooth metal surfaces appear shiny.

 Some metals:
Calcium: - important for strong
bones

- you can get calcium from

food, but pure calcium is metal.
• Aluminum: - light and strong

- used to make ladders,

airplane parts, and other things that
needs to be strong but not heavy.
• Mercury : - liquid metal

- used in thermometers
and some energy-saving light bulbs.

- is toxic
Nonmetals and Semimetals
Nonmetals are elements that do not conduct electricity
or heat.

Some nonmetals are gases like oxygen.

Others can be solid like carbon.

Semimetals are elements that are sometimes like

metals and sometimes like nonmetals.

Some semimetals may conduct electricity only if light

is shinning on them.
 Silicon: - is a semimetal obtained
from sand.

- It is used to make chips for

electronic devices.
• Sulfur: - is a solid nonmetal found
in nature as mineral.

- it is brittle and burns

easily.

- it is used in matches.
• Neon is a noble gas that can not be
combined with other elements. It is
used in neon signs.
 Atoms
It is the smallest part of an element that has the property of
this element.

Atoms are too small to be seen in a regular microscope.

Atoms of each element is different from atoms of other

elements.

All atoms are made of three parts of particles: protons,

neutrons, and electrons.
The number of protons determines what element the
atom will be.

Example carbon always has 6 protons. No other

element has the same number of protons.

The number of neutrons and electrons may change

but as long as the atom has 6 protons then it is
carbon.

All substances are made of elements and all elements

are made of atoms, so all matter around you is made
of atoms.

The idea that everything around us is made up of

small particles is called the atomic theory.
 Atomic arrangement
Atoms in an element are connected to other atoms in
specific ways.

The way atoms are connected affects the properties

of an element.

example: when carbon atoms are connected as flat

sheets, carbon is soft and black. We call it graphite.

If these same carbon atoms are connected as a

pyramid, they form diamonds. Diamonds are hard
and transparent.
 Compounds
It is a type of matter made of two or more elements.

In a compound, atoms of these elements are joined in

a certain way.

Salt is an example of a compound.

It is made up of two elements sodium and chlorine.

When these two elements join together, they do not

simply mix, but they form a completely different
substance.
Chlorine is a poisonous gas and greenish yellow

Sodium is a soft metal that can be cut with a knife.

Salt is white and solid, not poisonous, and also called

sodium chloride.
The smallest particle in a compound is
called a molecule.

Example the smallest particle of water

is a molecule of water.

A water molecule is made up of 3

atoms. But others like sugar has more.
C6H12O6

Changing the number, kind or position

of any atom in a molecule changes the
kind of molecule itself
Prepared by: Nancy Naba