ANAEMIA

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this 3
 ANAEMIA
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation leaners should be able to
Define Anaemia
Discuss the causes of Anaemia
Discuss women who are at risk of developing Anaemia
Discuss effects of anaemia in pregnancy
Describe the management of anaemia during pregnancy
 ANAEMIA
 Is a major indication cause of
maternal morbidity and mortality.
 As a haemoglobin level less than
11g/dl which is results of reduced
quality and or quality of red blood
cells.
 Con…
 Moderate Anaemia: Hamoglobin 7-11g/dl
 Severe Anaemia: <7g/dl
 Anemia due to a deficiency in the quality
of redblood cells implies that oxygen
carrying of blood is reduced.
 CAUSES OF ANAEMIA
 DIETARY CAUSES
• A low in take of iron, folic acid and protein
• Poor or no absorption of nutrients such as
iron, folic acid and proteins
 OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL
REASONS
• Child bearing e.g abortion, ectopic
pregnancy, frequent child births.
• Menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea.
 Con……….
 NON-OBSTETRCAL REASONS
• Nose bleeding
• Dysentry
• Hook worm infection
• Urinary tract infection including bilharzia
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis
 CON………..
• Pre-existing medical conditions e.g
HIV/AIDS
• Genetic anaemia (i.e sickle anaemia)
• Frequent attacks of malaria
MOTHER AT RISK OF DEVELOPING ANAEMIA

 Low socio-economic status

 Poor nutrition
 Young prim- gravida
 Frequent or too many pregnancies
 Hyper menorhea or menorrhagia
 Previous history of postpartum
hemorrhage
 History of antepartum haemorrhage
 Multiple pregnancy

 CON……..
• Chronic infection(TB,HIV/AIDS)
• ARVS treatment containing zidovidine
(AZT)
 EFFECTS OF ANAMIA IN PREGNANCY
• MATERNAL EFFECTS
• Congestive cardiac failure
• Diminished resistance to infection
• Late abortion (20-28 week)
• Premature labour
• Haemorrhge leading to shock
• death
 Conn….
• FETAL EFFECTS
• Prematurity
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Intrauterine death
• Fetal distress
• Asphyxia at birth and or cerebral damage
• Meconium aspiration
• Still birth-fresh or macerated
 MANAGEMENT OF ANEMIA DURING
PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
Give supplementation of ferrouls sulphate 60mg
and folic acid 5 mg daily( folic acid should be
prescribed during pre- pregnancy care , ferrous
sulphate can be delayed until second trimester if
experiencing morning sickness).