SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

OF PREGNANCY:
PREPARED: MJ CHABALALA-NAGENDA.
Objectives:
 Be able to.
 Mention possible signs of

pregnancy.
Diagnose a pregnancy. i.e. positive
signs.
Possible (presumptive) signs:
 Earlybreast changes (unreliable in
multi gravida) (Myles 2003:207
box 13.2)
Amenorrhea
 Morning sickness
 Bladder irritability
 Quickening.
POSITIVE SIGNS:
 Visualization of gestational sac by
transvaginal ultra-sound.
 Transabdominal ultra-sound.
 Visualization of heart pulsation by

ultrasound.
 Fetal heart sounds by:
 Doppler
 Fetal sthethoscope
CONT:
 Fetal Movements:
 Palpable
 Visible
 Fetal parts palpated.
 Visualization of fetus by x-ray.