Acids, bases and buffers

Jerry

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Definitions
An acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion) anda base is a
substance that can accept a proton.

Kw is called the ionic product is equal to 1e-14

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The pH scale

The smaller the pH,the greater the concentration of H+(aq).

A difference of one pH number means a tenfold difference in [H] so that,

for example, pH 2 has ten times the H+ concentration of pH 3.

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pH scale
Finding [H+] from pH

Finding [OH-] from pH

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Strong acid and base

Acids/bases that dissociate completely like this are called strong

acids bases.

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Weak acids and bases
Many acids and bases are only slightly ionized when dissolved in

water.

Acids like this are called weak acids.

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Acid dissociation constant
Acid dissociation constant

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Acid-base titrations
Neutralization reaction

Burette 滴定管

Conical flask

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Titration curve

Equivalence point

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 Indicators for titration

An acid-base titration uses an indicator to find the concentration ofa

solution of an acid or alkali.

The end point is the volume of alkali or acid added when the indicator just
changes color.

Methyl orange 甲基橙

Bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝
Methyl red 甲基红
Bromothymol blue 溴百里酚蓝
Phenolphthalein 酚酞

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Indicator

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Indicator

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Half-neutralization point
The point half-away between the zero and the equivalence point is the half-
neutralization point.

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Buffer solutions
Buffers are solutions that can resist the changes of pH

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Exercise
Half neutralization

我们认为弱酸弱碱都是
undissociated

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Thank you

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