SCIENCE 4 D

Comparing and Contrasting A

Characteristics of Different Types of Y
Soil 1

QUARTER 4 WEEK 1
Drill/Review
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The bending of light as it passes through different
materials are called _______________.
A. dispersion C. refraction
B. convection D. reflection
2. It is called _______________ when light bounces off
the smooth surface of an object.
A. convection C. refraction
B. induction D. reflection
Drill/Review
3. The bouncing of light rays from the surface of an object like
mirror is called _______________.
A. laser C. refraction
B. mirror D. reflection
4. In the illustration, the light rays striking the object is
_______________.
A. absorbed C. reflected
B. refracted D. stopped
Drill/Review
5. The following are examples of refracted light except
for
_______________.
A. binoculars C. glass prism
B. eyeglasses D. mirror
Motivation
Circle the words shown in the word bank.
Presentation
Activity: Identify the kinds of soil in your community
Materials Needed:
3 containers, soil from different areas, magnifying
glass
Procedures:
1. Get soil sample from three different areas. Label
the container for each sample.
Presentation
2. Examine each sample under a magnifying glass.
Record your observations in the table below.
Discussion
Guide Questions:
1. What type of soil is sticky when wet and has the finest
texture?
2. What type of soil have coarse, smooth, and sticky
particles?
3. What type of soil contains large amount of decaying
plants and animals and is good for planting?
4. How do the different types of soil differ from each
other?
Activity 1
A. Direction: Observe the pictures and tell the kind of
soil that you can see in the pictures.
Activity 1
Activity 1
B. Direction: Name the soil shown in the picture.
Choose your answer in parentheses. (chalk, loam,
sandy, clay and silt)
Activity 1
B. Direction: Name the soil shown in the picture.
Choose your answer in parentheses. (chalk, loam,
sandy, clay and silt)
Activity 2
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1._______ is an ingredient of soil that is made of dead plants and
animals.
A. dirt
B. rocks
C. humus
D. sand
Activity 2
2. The girls are studying different types of soil. They
compare clay, sand, gravel and silt. In which soil type will
they find the smallest particles?
A.clay
B. sand
C.gravel
D. silt
Activity 2
3. Which of these soil parts has the largest particles? A.clay
B. humus
C.sand
D. silt
4. Which of the following is NOT true about soil?
A. Soil is formed in a single layer.
B. Farmers use soil to grow plants.
C. Soil is an important natural resource.
D.Soil contains pore spaces that can be filled with air or water.
Activity 2
5. Which of the following is not a type of soil?
A. clay
B. mud
C. loam
D. Sandy
Application
Using the Venn Diagram, compare and contrast the
different kinds of soil based on your observation.
Generalization
• Soil is a mixture of minerals and water, air and organic
particles that covers most of the land part.
• There are three different kinds of soil such as sandy, clay
and loam soil.
• Soil has different characteristics according to its color,
smell, and texture.
• Sandy soil when particles are coarse and loose.
Generalization
• Clay soil particles are packed together tightly and sticky
when wet.
• Loam soil is a mixture of sand and clay soil. It contains
large amount of decaying plants and animals.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is not an organic material and
not needed in the growth of plants
A. worms
B. decayed animals
C. rocks
D. decayed plants
Assessment
2. You are asked by your teacher in MAPEH to make your
own pot. What kind of soil should you use?
A. clay soil
B. sandy soil
C. loam soil
D. silt soil
Assessment
3. Many plants can grow well in loam soil. Why is that so?
A. it is very rarely found in a garden B. it consists of small
particles of weathered rock.
C. it is slightly packed together with each other with very
little or no airspace
D. it has the ability to retain moisture and nutrients, hence,
it is more suitable for farming.
Assessment
4. Which of the following statements tells about
importance of soil?
A. serves place where people leave
B. form a part of earth where animals leave
C. provide the necessary nutrients needed by plants
D. all of the above
Assessment
5. The following statements are importance of soil. Which
one is an importance of soil to animal?
A. Soil is used for farming.
B. Soil is our support system
C. Soil can be use in making pottery.
D Soil provides shelter for some insects
 SCIENCE 4 D
A
Comparing and Contrasting
Characteristics of Different Types of Y
Soil 2

QUARTER 4 WEEK 1
Drill/Review
____1. The bouncing back of light
____2. Objects that allows light to
pass through.
A. opaque
____3. Objects that do not allow light B. transparent
to pass through. C. reflection
____4. The bending of light as it D. translucent
passes through different materials. E. refraction
____5. It travels in straight line.
F. light
Motivation
Distribute the activity sheets. Then, do the word search.
Presentation
Activity: Can You Identify Me?
Materials Needed:
3 plastic cups of the same size, shape and color
3 popsicle sticks
3 plastic spoons
Hand lens
3 sheets of used short bond paper
Hand shovel
Permanent marker
Presentation
A pair of gloves
What to do:
1. Be with your group all the time and stay in your assigned
area in the school for 20 minutes.
a) School Ground
b) School Garden/Nursery
c) School Aquaphonics
d) Herbal Garden
d) Gulayan sa Paaralan
Presentation
2. Collect three samples of soil in your area and place each
on separate cups/container.
3. Label each sample with A, B, and C.
4. Scoop at least two tablespoons of soil from each sample.
5. Place each sample on a separate bond paper.
Presentation
6. Using a hand lens and a popsicle stick, observe each
sample.
7. Write your observations in your science notebook using
the table below and write the same on the manila paper for
posting and reporting in the class.

Soil Characteristics
Soil Color Texture Odor
A
B
C
Discussion
Guide Questions:
1. What common characteristics did you observe on your
samples?
2. Do the samples have the same color, texture, and odor?
Why do you think so?
3. What do you think is the type of soil that you observed?
4. Define soil in your own words.
Activity 1
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is a mixture of minerals and organic particles that covers
most of the land part of the earth.
A. land B. soil
C. salt D. mineral
Activity 1
2. What soil is best for planting?
A. Sand B. Clay
C. Loam D. Silt
3. In what type of soil will cactus grow best?
A. Sand B. Clay
C. Loam D. Silt
Activity 2
Direction: Match the type of soil in column A. with their
characteristics in column B.
Application
Complete the table below and briefly discuss the
following.
Generalization
• Soil is a mixture of minerals and water, air and organic
particles that covers most of the land part.
• There are three different kinds of soil such as sandy, clay
and loam soil.
• Soil has different characteristics according to its color,
smell, and texture.
Generalization
• Sandy soil when particles are coarse and loose.
• Clay soil particles are packed together tightly and sticky
when wet.
• Loam soil is a mixture of sand and clay soil. It contains
large amount of decaying plants and animals.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1.Which of the following is not one of the types of the soil?
A. clay
B. mud
C. loam
D. Sandy
Assessment
2. Ellen grab a soil sample on her hand. She rolls it into a
ball. What type of soil did she used?
A. clay soil
B. chalk soil
C. peat soil
D. silt soil
Assessment
3. Which type of soil can hold the greatest amount of water?
A. chalk soil
B. loam soil
C. clay soil
D. peat soil
Assessment
4. What property of soil could be tested by rubbing soil
between fingers?
A. color
B. weathering
C. texture
D. ability to retain water
Assessment
5. This can be either light or heavy but always highly
alkaline due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its
structure. Some materials are hard.
A. chalk soil
B. loam soil
C. clay soil
D. Sand soil
 SCIENCE 4 D
Comparing and Contrasting A
Characteristics of Different Types of Y
Soil 3

QUARTER 4 WEEK 1
Drill/Review
Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if
false.
_____ 1. Because of reflection, we are able to
distinguish the
colors of the different objects around us.
_____ 2. Objects under water appear closer to the
surface than
they really are because of refraction.
Drill/Review
_____ 3. You see image on a mirror because light
is being
refracted from the mirror to your eyes.
_____ 4. Plane mirror, convex mirror and concave
mirror are
examples of a refracted light.
_____ 5. Refraction and refracted light are
important in our
daily life.
Motivation
Match each of the different types of soil to its correct picture.
Presentation
Activity: Fast or Slow?
What you need:
3 pcs clear plastic cups
Stopwatch
Do It Yourself Equipment – Soil Tester
What to do:
1. Fill each clear plastic cup of the DIY instrument with
75% or ¾ cup of soil from three packed samples provided o
you.
Presentation
2. Using the marker, label each cup with A, B, and C.
3. Mount the cups on the DIY holder.
4. Place one cup below each mounted cup on the DIY to
serve as catch basin of the water that will drip from the
mounted cup.
5. Observe each sample and fill-out the table below.
Presentation
6. With the help of the other group members, pour at least
25% or ¼ cup water on each cup of soil labelled A, B, and
C at the same time.
7. Ask somebody to record the time using the stopwatch or
wrist-watch after pouring water on the DIY equipment.
8. Observe again the samples.
Presentation
9. Record your observations using the table below.

Cup No. Characteristics Observations No. of minutes

that water is
absorbed
Color Texture Before After
adding adding
water water
1
2
3
Discussion
Guide Questions:
1. What did you observe when you added water to
each soil sample?
2. In which cup or sample was water absorbed the
fastest? How fast was it absorbed? Why do you think
so?
3. In which cup or sample was water absorbed the
slowest? How slow was it absorbed? Why do you
think so?
Discussion
4. Was there a change in the appearance or texture of
each soil sample after you poured water on it? Why or
why not?
5. What does the activity show?
Activity 1
Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and False
if it is wrong. Write the correct statement if your answer is
false.
1.Each type of soil does not have difference from each
other.
2. Loam soil is better for planting than clay soil.
Activity 1
3. Chalk soil can be either light or heavy while clay
soil is really heavy
4. Clay soil is brown in color while sandy soil is light
gray.
5. Loam soil particles is mostly sand while silt is
mostly bedrock.
Activity 2
Direction: Identify the types of soil being described.
______1. A type of soil which is high in organic matter and
retains a large amount of moisture.
______2. It contains high proportion of sand and little clay.
______3. A soil which is a mixture of sand, silt and clay that are
combined to avoid the negative effects of each type.
Activity 2
______4. It can be either light or heavy but always highly
alkaline due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its structure.
______5. A type of soil which is heavy that benefits from high
nutrients
Application
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is
not.
______1. Soil is a mixture of minerals water, air and
organic particles.
______2. Soil has the same characteristics.
______3. Clay soil is sticky when you pour water on
it.
Application
______4. Sandy soil is good for planting that contains
humus.
______5. Soil differs in color, smell, and texture.
Generalization
• Soil is a mixture of minerals and water, air and organic
particles that covers most of the land part.
• There are three different kinds of soil such as sandy, clay
and loam soil.
• Soil has different characteristics according to its color,
smell, and texture
Generalization
• Sandy soil when particles are coarse and loose.
• Clay soil particles are packed together tightly and sticky
when wet.
• Loam soil is a mixture of sand and clay soil. It contains
large amount of decaying plants and animals.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which property of soil could students determine by
rubbing a sample between their fingers?
A. texture of the soil
B. the color of the soil
C. the soil’s ability to support life
D. the processes to form the soil
Assessment
2. A student observing how rough and smooth a soil is. What
characteristic of soil is observed?
A. color
B. shape
C. size
D. texture
Assessment
3. What is the meaning of the word texture as one of the
characteristics of soil?
A. describes the color
B. describes how the soil feels
C. describes how the soil looks
D. describes how much water the soil holds
Assessment
4. Which type of soil holds the most water?
A. chalk soil
B. sand soil
C. clay soil
D. silt soil
Assessment
5. What makes each soil different?
A. color
B. texture
C. size
D. all of the above
 SCIENCE 4 D
A
Comparing and Contrasting
Characteristics of Different Types of Y
Soil 4

QUARTER 4 WEEK 1
Drill/Review
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your
answer inside the box.

1. We see our image on a mirror because light is being

_______________ from the mirror to your eyes.
Drill/Review
2. _______________ reflection produces a clear image of
an object.
3. When light passed through the glass prism it was
_______________.
Drill/Review
4. Because of _______________, objects under water
appear closer to the surface than they really are.
5. The _______________ use in microscope are of the
concave type.
Motivation
Match Column A with column B.
Presentation
Activity: Jam Jar Soil
What you need:
Three jam jars, different types of soil, stirring rod, water.
What to do:
1. Take three clean and clear jam jars and fill each with a third
with the three different soil samples you are experimenting
with.
Presentation
2. Add clear water until the jars of soil are almost full.
3. Using a stirring rod, stir up the mixture thoroughly.
4. Leave the jars for one hour.
9. 5. Observe what happens.

Types of Soil Observations

Jar 1
Jar 2
Jar 3
Discussion
Guide Questions:
1. What types of soil is/are found in your soil samples?
2. How do the different types of soil differ from each
other?
3. What type of soil is found in your garden? Are they
good types of soil?
4. What makes you say so?
Activity 1
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is
wrong.
1.Soil is not a natural resource.
2.Loam soil is one of the types of soil which is good
for planting.
Activity 1
3.Soil has only two (2) types.
4. Chalk soil is highly alkaline due to calcium
carbonate.
5. Peat soil is not high in organic matter.
Activity 2
Direction: Identify the types of soil being compared from
each other in the paragraph below. Do it by simply filling
the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your answer in
the oblong.
Activity 2
______ soil has the ability to retain moisture and
nutrients, hence, it is more suitable for farming.
While _____ is a type of soil which is very rarely
found in a garden and often imported into a
garden to provide an optimum soil base for
planting.
Activity 2
______ is known to have much smaller particles
compared to the sandy soil and is made up of rock
and other mineral particles which are smaller than
sand and larger than clay.
Activity 2
While, ____ are tightly packed together with each
other with very little or no airspace and ____ is one of
the poorest types of soil for growing plants because it
has very low nutrients and poor in holding water,
which makes it hard for the plant’s roots to absorb
water.
Application
Complete the sentences below by filling the blanks with
the correct word. Choose your answer in the parentheses.
(peat, loam, clay, sandy, types, soil, chalk)
There are various ______ of soil that undergo diverse
environmental pressures.
Application
_______ is mainly classified by its texture, proportions and
different forms of organic and mineral compositions. The
different types of soil are ______, ______, _______,
______,________ and silt soil.
Generalization
• Soil is a mixture of minerals and water, air and organic
particles that covers most of the land part.
• There are three different kinds of soil such as sandy, clay
and loam soil.
• Soil has different characteristics according to its color,
smell, and texture.
Generalization
• Sandy soil when particles are coarse and loose.
• Clay soil particles are packed together tightly and
sticky when wet.
• Loam soil is a mixture of sand and clay soil. It
contains large amount of decaying plants and animals.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is a natural resource on earth that is made up of tiny
particles of rocks and decayed plants and animals.
A. rocks
B. water
C. soil
D. none of the above
Assessment
2. This is a type of soil which is very rarely found in a garden
and often imported into a garden to provide an optimum soil
base for planting.
A. chalk soil
C. peat
B. clay soil
D. silt
Assessment
3. The soil which is fertile, easy to work with and provide good
drainage
A. chalk soil
C. loam soil
B. clay soil
D. peat soil
Assessment
4. A type of soil that contains high proportion of sand and little
clay.
A. chalk soil
C. loam soil
B. clay soil
D. Sand soil
Assessment
5. This can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline
due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its structure. Some
materials are hard.
A. chalk soil
C. loam soil
B. clay soil
D. Sand soil
Additional Activity
Design and build a simple soil collection bottle and explain the
essential science behind the model. You may recycle materials
found at home.
D
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