BIOMECHANICS AND

BODY MOVEMENTS
FRANZ JAY A. GEMINO
 BIOMECHANICS
 IS THE STUDY AND SCIENCE OF HOW ORGANISMS
SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURE REACT TO EXTERNAL
FORCES AND STIMULI.

 IS THE SCIENCE OF MOVEMENT OF A LIVING BODY,

INCLUDING HOW MUSCLES, BONES, TENDONS, AND
LIGAMENTS WORK TOGETHER TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT
 ELEMENTS OF
BIOMECHANICS
 MOTION
 THE MOVEMENT OF A BODY OR AN OBJECT ACROSS
SPACE. SPEED AND ACCELERATION ARE MAJOR
ELEMENTS OF MOTION.
 FORCE
 THIS IS THE PUSH OR PULL THAT CAUSES A PERSON
OR AN OBJECT TO ACCELERATE, DECELERATE, STOP,
OR CHANGE DIRECTION.
 MOMENTUM
 THIS IS THE PRODUCT OF A WEIGHT AND ITS
VELOCITY WHEN IT IS MOVED.
 LEVERS
 OUR ARMS AND LEGS FUNCTION AS LEVERS; A
LEVER HAS THREE PARTS: THE RESISTANCE ARM,
FULCRUM, AND THE AXIS OF ROTATION.
 BALANCE
 THIS REFERS TO STABILITY. THE ALIGNMENT OF THE
BODY’S CENTER OF GRAVITY OVER THE BASE OF
SUPPORT IS A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE.
MANY RECREATIONAL AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
NECESSITATE A GOOD SENSE OF BALANCE.
PRINCIPLES USED IN
BIOMECHANICS
 DYNAMICS
 THE STUDY OF MOVING SYSTEMS THAT UNDERGO
ACCELERATION AND DECELARATION.
 KINEMATICS
 THE STUDY OF MOTION PATTERNS DESCRIBES THE EFFECT
OF FORCES ON A SYSTEM, INCLUDING LINEAR AND
ANGULAR VARIATIONS IN VELOCITY THROUGH TIME,
POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, SPEED, ACCELERATION.
 KINETICS
 THE STUDY OF WHAT GENERATES MOTION AND THE
FORCES AND DURATIONS AT WORK.
 STATICS
 THE STUDY OF SYSTEM AT EQUILIBRIUM, WHETHER AT
REST OR MOVING AT A CONSTANT VELOCITY.
OBJECTIVES OF
BIOMECHANICS
 INCREASE PERFORMANCE IN A PARTICULAR SPORT
OR PHYSICAL EXERCISE.

 MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INJURY PREVENTION

AND REHABILITATION.
APPLICATIONS OF
BIOMECHANICS
 BIOMECHANICS HELP US TO UNDERSTAND HOW
MUSCLES FUNCTION AND MOVE.

 BIOMECHANICS CAN ALSO BE USED TO DESIGN

INNOVATIVE MEDICAL TREATMENTS.

 BIOMECHANICS IS ALSO APPLIED IN THE DESIGN OF

SPORTS EQUIPMENT.
FUNDAMENTAL BODY
MOVEMENTS
 FUNDAMENTAL BODY
MOVEMENT
 ARE THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES SUCH
AS GAMES, SPORTS, AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
 TYPES OF
FUNDAMENTAL BODY
MOVEMENTS
 LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT
 REFERS TO THE BODY’S MOVEMENTS, WHERE THE
BODY TRAVELS FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER
POINT.
 NON-LOCOMOTOR
MOVEMENT
 SOMETIMES CALLED AXIAL MOVEMENT.

 REFERS TO THE BODY’S MOVEMENTS WITHOUT ALLOWING

THE BODY TO TRAVEL.
 FUNDAMENTAL
MOVEMENT SKILLS
 FUNDAMENTAL
MOVEMENT SKILLS
 ARE A PARTICULAR SET OF SKILLS THAT REQUIRE THE
USE OF DIFFERENT BODY PARTS, SUCH AS FEET, LEGS,
SHOULDERS, BODY HEAD, ARMS, AND HANDS.
 THREE GROUP OF
FUNDAMENTAL
MOVEMENT SKILLS
 BODY MANAGEMENT
SKILLS
 INVOLVE BALANCING, MAINTAINING EQUILIBRIUM
AND POSTURAL CONTROL OF THE BODY IN STILLNESS
AND IN MOTION SUCH AS ROLLING, STOPPING,
STRETCHING, BENDING, TWISTING, LANDING,
CLIMBING, TURNING,
 LOCOMOTOR SKILLS
 INVOLVE TRANSPORTING THE BODY IN ANY DIRECTION
FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER SUCH AS WALKING,
RUNNING, JUMPING, HOPPING, GALLOPING, MARCHING,
AND SKIPPING.
 OBJECT CONTROL
SKILLS
 REQUIRE CONTROLLING IMPLEMENTS AND OBJECTS
SUCH AS BALLS, HOOPS, BATS, AND RIBBONS THAT
INVOLVE THE USE OF BODY PARTS, SUCH AS HANDS
AND FEET.
MOVEMENT CONCEPTS
 BODY AWARENESS
 LEARNING A PERSON’S BODY PARTS AND
UNDERSTANDING WHAT THE PARTS CAN DO, AND
MOVING THE PARTS.
 SPATIAL AWARENESS
 KNOWING HOW MUCH SPACE THE BODYS OCCUPIES
AND UTILIZING THE BODY IN PHYSICAL SPACE.
 DIRECTIONAL
AWARENESS
 UNDERSTANDING LEFT AND RIGHT, UP AND DOWN, IN
AND OUT, TOP AND BOTTOM, AND FRONT AND BACK.
 TEMPORAL AWARENES
 THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN INTERNAL TIME
STRUCTURE THAT IDENTIFIES MOVEMENT-TIME
RELATIONSHIPS AND;
 RELATIONSHIP
AWARENESS
 UNDERSTANDING WITH WHAT THE BODY MAKES
MOVEMENTS, OR WITH WHOM THE BODY MAKES
MOVEMENT.
MOVEMENT
STRATEGIES
 MOVEMENT STRATEGIES
 REFER TO VARIOUS APPROCHES THAT WILL HELP YOU
OR YOUR TEAM SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVE A MOVEMENT
OUTCOME OR GOAL.
MOVEMENT PRINCIPLES
 MOVEMENT PRINCIPLES
 PROVIDE A SOLID FOUNDATION FOR PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, WITH OR WITHOUT
ANY EQUIPMENT.
SEVEN MOVEMENT
PRINCIPLES
 BALANCE
 THE CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN THE BODY’S LINE OF
GRAVITY WITHIN THE SUPPORT BASE WITH MINIMAL
POSTURAL WAY.
 CENTERING
 YOUR HUMAN BODY’S CORE, WHERE ALL BODY
MOVEMENTS EMANATE AND HOLD YOU AS YOU MOVE
TOGETHER.
 CENTER OF GRAVITY
 THE BALANCE POINT OR THAT POINT WHERE ALL THE
BODY’S WEIGHT IS DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY ACROSS
ALL SIDES.
 POSTURE
 THE BODY’S PRESUMED POSITION EITHER WITH
SUPPORT DURING MUSCLE ACTIVITYOR A
COORDINATED ACTION BY A GROUP OF MUSCLES
WORKING TO MAINTAIN STABILITY.
 GESTURE
 THE USE OF THE BODY TO CONVEY EMOTIONS AND
IDEAS THROUGFH MOVEMENT PATTERNS AS AN
EXPRESSIVE INSTRUMENT.
 RHYTHM
 THE PATTERN AND EMPHASIS OF BEATS.
 BREATHING
 THE USE OF INHALATION AND EXHALATION TO GIVE
FLUIDITY AND HARMONY TO A PERSON’S MOVEMENT.