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CH 2
CH 2
Computer Organization
and Architecture
Chapter 2
Computer Evolution and
Performance
2.1 A Brief History of Computer
ENIAC
IAS
Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies
Started 1946
Completed 1952
Arithmetic and
Logic Unit
Main I/O
Memory Equipment
Program
Control
Unit
IAS - details
• 1000 x 40 bit words
o Binary number
o 2 x 20 bit instructions
• Set of registers (storage in CPU)
o Memory Buffer Register(MBR)
o Memory Address Register(MAR)
o Instruction Register(IR)
o Instruction Buffer Register(IBR)
o Program Counter(PC)
o Accumulator(AC)
o Multiplier Quotient(MQ)
Structure of IAS - detail
IBR PC
MAR
IR Control … Control
Circuits signals
Address
Program Control Unit
3. Transistors
• Smaller
• Cheaper
• Less heat dissipation
• Solid State device
• 1970
• Fairchild
• Size of a single core
o i.e. 1 bit of magnetic core storage
• Holds 256 bits
• Non-destructive read
• Much faster than core
• Capacity approximately doubles each year
6. Microprocessors
MS DOS
2.2 Design for Performance