PRACTICAL

RESEARCH
2
November 17, 2023
OPENING QUESTION

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF

THE RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY?
 THE WRITING OF THE RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
• Research Sample
• Research Instruments / Materials and Methods
• Research Intervention
• Data Collection Procedure
• Data Analysis
RESEARCH SAMPLE
• Description of the subjects, number & grade level (for
students), naming school and its location, unless w/
confidentiality conditions. Otherwise, only the
school’s location, type, and size are stated.
• Number of classes, class size, and number of teachers
are indicated.
• How students and teachers are selected (sampling
procedure) is described.
RESEARCH SAMPLE
• After data collection, put the actual sample:
sample size, distribution of subjects by sex,
and average age.
• If applicable, describe relevant characteristics
of teacher (s) like sex, teaching experience,
educational attainment, and related training.
Use past tense.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
• Enumerate instruments to be used. Indicate if the
instruments are researcher-made, adopted, or
modified (give author, year, and reliability coefficient).
• Quickly describe pilot-testing of instruments.
• Indicate how researcher-made instruments will be
content-validated.
• Indicate computing reliability coefficient, commonly
Cronbach alpha, for rating scale and tests.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
• Add structure/parts and a number of items for each
instrument.
• Add a Table of Specifications for researcher-made tests.
• Add details of content validation: who the experts are
without naming them.
• Add details of pilot-testing (when and who), and
describe the group (similar to the group to which
instruments will be eventually administered).
RESEARCH INTERVENTION
• Clearly and completely describe how the
intervention will be implemented, such
that the reader can replicate the
intervention. RRL can help you find a
suitable intervention.
• Describe what happens in the comparison
group.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
• Quickly describe whose permission will be
sought and arrangements to make to
administer instruments.
• Describe when instruments will be
administered and who will administer them.
• Add details on arrangements and
administration of instruments, if needed.
DATA ANALYSIS
• Describe the analysis to be done for each research question,
following the sequence in the Statement of the Problem.
• State if tests of hypotheses will be done and for what
purpose.
• Indicate that tests of hypotheses will be done at 0.05 level
of significance.
• Level of significance or p-value = number of cases out of 100
cases that results are due to chance alone.
• p value of 0.05 = in 5 out of 100 cases, results are due to
chance alone.
DATA ANALYSIS
• Add a scoring system for instruments.
• Avoid giving formulas or standard
procedures for statistical tools (the
reader is expected to know these or
look them up in statistics references).
SAMPLE RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH SAMPLE
Alangalang National High School, Alangalang,
Leyte Region 8 is purposively selected due to its
big size. One section with a class of forty (40)
Grade 11 students is randomly selected. The
study will be accomplished for the School Year
(SY) 2017-2018.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
There will be one (1) self-made questionnaire for the
study with three (3) questions. The first question is
based on bullying experience, the second is on the type
of bullying experience, and the third is the number of
absences. The questionnaire will be pilot tested on five
students who are not part of the research. The
questionnaire is subjected to the content validity of
experts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Describe the materials and
equipment used (specifically). Give
the methods as to how these
materials be used (Draw if possible)
RESEARCH INTERVENTION
On the first day of experimentation, after acclimatization, the rabbits
were weighed and their blood samples were collected. Their blood
samples were subjected to Liver Function Test to find out the mean
AST and ALT.

Hepatotoxicity was induced on the same day by administering

acetaminophen (2g/kg body weight) (Maaz, 2010). Twenty four
hours after acetaminophen administration, their blood was collected
for Liver Function Test to find out the mean AST and ALT.
RESEARCH INTERVENTION
On the 2nd day of experimentation, right after blood collection, each group was
subjected to their treatment regimen as followed:

Negative Control Group: Distilled Water

Positive Control Group: Essentiale Forte 1 capsule (300mg) x 3 doses per day
Experimental Group:Azadirachta indica leaves extract 400mg/kg bw once daily

This regimen was continued for three days, until the last day of
experimentation, where the blood samples were collected to find the mean LFT
enzyme values.
Parametric scales:
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
The researchers will seek written permission from the
principal of Alangalang Senior High School for the
conduct of the study. An inform consent will also be
provided to the students. The parents will also be asked
through a written permission.
The respondents will be oriented on the research
objectives and outcomes. The researchers will
administer the following the self-made questionnaire.
DATA ANALYSIS
All the data will be compiled and treated based on
parametric and non-parametric measures. The
data on the frequency of bullying incidence and
attendance will be treated to simple percentage
and will be presented through a bar graph. The
test of difference on two groups will be based on
one-paired T-test for independent sample.