NETWORKING

LESSON 5
NETWORKING
 is the construction, design,
and use of network,
including the physical
(cabling, hub, bridge,
switch, router, so forth).
BENEFITS OF
NETWORKIN
G
Networking is output-driven.
It gives you the advantage of
producing the maximum
output in the quickest time
possible.
One of the main reasons
why most companies are
into networking already, is
being “cost-effective”.

It is a network that spans a
relatively small space and
provides services to a small
number of people.
 It is a computer network
covering a small geographic
area, like a home, office, or
group of buildings e.g. a
school.

It is a computer network that
covers a broad area (i.e., any
network whose communications
links cross metropolitan,
regional, or national
boundaries).
 Itis a data communications
network that covers a relatively
broad geographic area (i.e. one city
to another and one country to
another country.
Itcan connect computers
and other devices on
opposite sides of the
world.
It is a network with a
maximum range of about 75
kilometers (45 miles) or so,
and with high-speed
transmission capabilities.
A Metropolitan Area Network is a
network that connects two or more
Local Area Networks or Campus
Area Networks together but does
not extend beyond the boundaries
of the immediate town/city.
 It is a computer network used for
communication among computer
devices (including telephones and
personal digital assistants) close to one
person. The devices may or may not
belong to the person in question.
 Ininformation technology, a storage area
network (SAN) is an architecture to attach
remote computer storage devices (such as
disk arrays, tape libraries and optical
jukeboxes) to servers in such a way that, to the
operating system the devices appear as locally
attached.
A campus area
network (CAN) is a
computer network made
up of an
interconnection of local
area network (LANs)
within a limited
geographical area.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF
NETWORKING
Basic elements of computer
network include hardware,
software, and protocols. The
interrelationship of these basic
elements constitutes the
infrastructure of the network.
1. Network Media
2. Network Interface Card
3. Network Connectivity Devices
4. Networking Standards
5. Networking Protocols
6. Network Operating System
 Alsoknown as “Transmission Media” or
“Physical Media”. It refers to the medium
over which signals can travel in a network.
an adapter card that plugs into
the motherboard of a computer
and allows the computer to send
and receive signals on a network
through the network media.
Refers to the hardware that is
used to expand networks. This
includes network Interface cards,
modems, hubs, repeaters, bridges
and routers.
Repeater
4. Networking Standards
5. Networking Protocols
6. Network Operating System
Also known as “server operating
system”. It refers to a computer
operating system that is network-
aware, it includes special functions
for connecting computers and
devices into a local-area network
(LAN).
Roles of a Computer in a Network
SERVER
•COMPUTERS PROVIDE SHARED RESOURCES TO
NETWORK USERS.
•THE TERM SERVER IS GENERIC TO ALL COMPUTERS
THAT PROVIDE SERVICES OF WHATEVER TYPE, SERVICES
SUCH AS FILE, PRINT, INTERNET, LOGIN OR
AUTHENTICATION, ETC.

Client
•Computers that access shared network resources
provided by a server.

Peer
•Computers that function as client and server.
Types of Network Configuration
Peer-to-Peer network
Types of Network Configuration
Server-based Network
Difference between peer-to-peer and server-based Network

Factors Peer-to-Peer Server-based

Network Network
Size •Not more than 10 pc •Has more than 10 pc
Because if more, •Has specialized server
Bandwidth will be an •Has branded server
issue
•There will be too much
traffic if more than 10
pc

Cost •Less expensive •Expensive

Security •Less Security •Very Tight security

Operating •Desktop Operating •Network Operating

System System
System
Administration •Decentralized •Centralized
Thank You!

Be Ready for the Next

Quiz
What is Network Cabling?
 Cable is the medium through which
information usually moves from one
network device to another.
 Network cable is used to connect and
transfer data between computers and a
network.
 There
are several types of cable which are
commonly used with LANs.

 The type of cable chosen for a network is

related to the network's topology, protocol,
and size. Understanding the characteristics of
different types of cable and how they relate
to other aspects of a network is necessary for
the development of a successful network.
WIRED MEDIA
Twisted Pair (TP) Cable

 This cable carries data in the form of

electronic signals. It consists of the
insulated strands of copper wire twisted
around each other.
 Two basic types of a twisted pair cable
are Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) and
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP).
 The main distinction between the
two is that, the STP has a covering
around the 4 pairs of wires,
(usually a foil for resistance to
interference) while the UTP does
not have any shielding.
Two Basic Types of a Twisted Pair
Cable

 Shieldedtwisted pair (STP)

 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
 metal
shielding
Unshielded twisted
pair (UTP)
Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector

The standard connector for unshielded

twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45
connector.
This is a plastic connector that looks like
a large telephone-style connector (See in
the figure). A slot allows the RJ-45 to be
inserted only one way. RJ stands for
Registered Jack
Two types of Cable Configuration

Straight
Ethernet Cable
CROSS CABLE
This is Straight Ethernet Cable, both head and tail (
same color arrangement).
 TOPOLOGY

•From Greek word topos meaning place.

•Schematic description of the networks
elements.
•Standard term that network
professionals use when they refer to the
network’s basic design.
•Either physical or logical
STANDARD NETWORK
TOPOLOGIES AND
THEIR VARIATIONS
BUS TOPOLOGY

In the bus topology, all devices are connected to

a
central cable called the bus trunk or backbone.
It is oftentimes referred to as “linear bus” because
all nodes are connected in a single straight line.
STAR TOPOLOGY

In a star topology, all

network devices are
connected into a
single concentrating
device called hub.
The hub makes it
possible for a
computer to have
indirect connection to
all other computers
within the network.
Mesh Topology
A mesh topology requires
complex, redundant links between
each device in the network.
The mesh topology can be
employed either in full or in partial.
Full Mesh Topology
 is distinguished by having
direct connection to all other
devices in the network, while the
partial mesh topology has direct
connection to other devices but
not all.
VARIATIONS
IN
NETWORK
TOPOLOGY