FORMATION ,CLASSIFIC

ATION AND CHEMICAL

COMPOSITION OF
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
[CEMENTATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF
PRE EXISTING ROCK]

• They are formed from the

consolidation of sediments
accumulated through the wind or
water action at the surface of the
earth .
Sedimentary
rocks are deposited
in layer or strata -
stratified rock

sedimentary rock
deposited by or in
water - aqueous
rock
CLASTIC ROCKS
• composed of fragments of
pre-existing rock that have
been transported some
distance from their points
of Origin so they are also
called as clastic rocks
• CLASTIC
- denoting rocks
composed of broken
pieces of older rocks.
Classificattion of sedimentary rocks
• Based on its orgin
Sedimentary
• Based on its grain size
rock

Based on
grain size Based on its
orgin
Based on its orgin
A]residual :

Example: laterite

B]Transported

 Deposited as solid in suspension. Example : sandstone , shale

 Deposited by chemical composition. Example : limestone, ironstone
 Deposited through agency of organic matter. Example: peat, phosphatic deposits
BASED ON Grain size
 RudacEous : rocks consisting chiefly of boulder and pebble sized materials.
 Example: conglomerate

 Arenaceous: rock consisting chiefly of sand grade materials

 example: sand stone

 Silt rocks : rocks consisting mainly of silt sized particles.

 Example: slit stone

 ArgillaceouS : a rocks consisting CHIEFLY of small size particles of clay. Example ; SHALE
Mineralogical composition of Sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks divided into six group

• Arenaceous:
• Argillaceous rocks
• Calcareous rocks
• Carbonaceous rocks
• Siliceous rocks
• Precipitated salts
ARENACEOUS
• SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS THAT ARE
MADE OF SAND
GRADE PARTICLE
• Ex: Granite, Gneiss, Trap,
Basalt, Sandstone, and
Quartzite.
Argillaceous rocks:

THE ROCKS WHICH

CONTAIN CLAY OR ALUMINA
AS A MAIN CONSTITUENT

e.g., shales,
argillites, siltstones, and
mudstones.
Calcareous rocks
• Consists of carbonate of lime or
lime and magnesia as a main
constituent
The sedimentary rocks formed by the
deposition of shells, skeletons of sea
organism as corals, clams and oysters
etc. are called calcarious rocks due to
excess of calcium
Ex; limestone, dolostone, or marl
Carbonaceous rock
• Composed primarily of
carbonate minerals.
• Formed by the deposition
of large scale vegetation
and animals
• Ex ; limestone (CaCO3)
SILICEOUS ROCK
• sedimentary rocks that
have silica (SiO2) as the
principal constituent.
• Ex; chert
Thank you