DISORDER OF UPPER

RESPIRITORY TRACT
 Presented by L.MOHLOPHEHI
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the presention learners should be able to;

 Define common cold and pharyngitis

 List signs and symptoms of common cold
and pharyngitis
 Outline causes and predisposing factors of
common cold and pharyngitis
 Mention Pharmacological treatment of
common cold and pharyngitis
 Describe Nursing management of common
cold and pharyngitis
Common cold

 It is an illness affecting the nose and throat . It is

usually caused by the rhinoviruses and it is highly
infectious , normally mild illness characterised mainly
by running nose .
 NB Symptoms of common cold lasts from 1 to 2 weeks
Signs and Symptoms

 Sneezing
 Headache
 Nasal congestion[stuffy nose]
 Halitosis[bad breath]
 Chills[shivering]
 Rhinorrhea
Predisposing factors

 Time of year
Colds can happen of the year , but they are more common
in the fall and winter or during rainy seasons .We spent
more inside when its cold and wet , which increases the
chances of the virus spreading.
 Age
Children under age 6 are more likely to develop colds ,their
risk is even higher if they are in day care or a care child
care setting with other kids.
Con..

 Weakened immune system

Having a long term illness or weakened immune system
increases the risk.
 Exposure
Being in crowds , such as at school or on an
airplane ,increases the chance of getting cold.
 Smoking
Smoking or being around secondhand smoke increases the
risk of catching a colds
Nursing management

 Drinking warm fluids can help soften the throat

 Hand washing [or use of alcohol based antibacterial
cleaning agents]
 Get enough rest and put on warm clothes
For example staying indoors
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Stay hydrated as it helps loosen congestion and prevents

dehydration.
 Rest because the body needs it to heal
 Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed
hands to prevent bacteria spreading as it may cause
infection.
Pharmacologycal treatment

 Paracetamol
Indication of paracetamol
 Fever
Contraindications
 The patient hypersensitivity to paracetamol
 Renal failure
Side effects of paracetamol
 Tiredness
 breathlessness
PHRYNGITIS

 It is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the

oropharynx. It is caused by an infection either bacterial
or viral.
Types of pharyngitis
 Acute pharyngitis- it is the sudden painful inflammation
of the pharynx, the back portion of throat that include
the posterior third of the tongue, soft palate and the
tonsils.it is commonly refered to as a sore throat.
Cont…..

 Chronic pharyngitis- is a persistent inflammation of a

pharynx. It is common in adults who work in dusty
surroundings, use their voice to excess suffer from
chronic cough or habitually use of alcohol and tobacco .
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF
CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS
 Hypertrophic ….characterized by general thickening
and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane
 Arophic….probably a last stage of the first type [the
membrane is thin glistening and at time wrinkled]
 Chronic granular….characterized by numerous swollen
lymph follicle on the pharyngeal wall.
Signs and symptoms

 Vomiting
 Fatigue
 Sense of irritation and fullness in throat
 Mucus buildup which is expelled out by coughing
 Nasal congestion
 Fever
 Sore throat
 headache
CAUSES OF PHARYNGITIS

 Streptococcus bacterium[strep throat]

 Bacterial infection such as common cold and flu
 Allergies
PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF PHARYNGITIS
 Frequent sinus infection
 Smoking
 Cold season
 Difficulty when swallowing
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF
PHARYNGITIS
 Have plenty of warm fluid to restore fluid loss through
vomiting.
 Patient should rest to reduce fatigue.
 Avoidance of alcohol and tobacco as it can cause sore
throat.
 Garling with warm saline solution may relieve throat
discomfort
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Avoid individuals who are sick to prevent cross

infection.
 Wash hands often, especially before eating and after
coughing and sneezing to prevent bacteria from
infecting the body.
PHARMACOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
 INDICATIONS OF AMOXILLIN
 -Sinus
 -pneumonia
Contraindications
A history of hypersensitivity to penicillin
 SIDES EFFECTS
 -diarrhoea
 -nausea or vomiting