GROUP 3

Objectives
• Define a cell
• Outline organelles and their function
• Explain the transport around the cell
• Define respiration
• Describe types of respiration
A CELL
• It is a described as the basic structure and functional unit of living
organisms
Organelles and their functions
• Organelles is a biological structure that performs a distinctive function
inside a cell
Cont…..
• Nucleus: store genetic information and controls cellular activities such
as metabolism, growth and reproduction
• Mitochondria: Responsible for producing/storing chemical energy,
that is used throughout the cell
• Ribosomes: Responsible for making protein
• Lysosomes: Breaks down unwanted material
• Endoplasmic reticulum: make protein and lipids
• Golgi apparatus: sorts proteins and lipid molecules that are to be
exported to the cell
Cellular Transportation
• Movement of substance across the cell membrane
• There are two types of cell transport which are passive transport and
active transport
Cont…..
• Passive transport: It requires no energy. It occurs when substances
move from area of higher to lower concentration
Types of passive transport
• Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a semi permeable
membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher
solute concentration
• Diffusion: movement of molecules under a concentration gradient
• Active transport: It requires energy produced by respiration. It is the
movement of ions/molecules across a cell membrane into a region of
lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
Respiration
• It is a movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells
within tissues and the environment to the cell within tissues and the
removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that is to
environment
Cont…
• There are two types of respiration
• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration
Cont….
• Aerobic respiration: Breaks down glucose and combines the broken
down products with oxygen making water and carbon dioxide, e.g
multicellular organisms like animals and humans
• Anaerobic respiration: Breaks down glucose and combines the broken
down product without oxygen
• Example: Alcohol fermentation, lactic acid and fermentation
decomposition or organic matter