Lecture

properties of
pure substances
Kalvin Snyders
Introduction
Pure substances
Phases of pure substances
Phase change processes
 Pure substances
 A pure substance is one in which the chemical composition is the same
(homogeneous) through out.
 As a rule pure substance do not have to be comprised of a single element.it can be
multiple provided that the solution is homogeneous through out.
 Examples of pure substances:
 Water
 R134a(refridegrants)
 Parafin etc
 Phases of substances
 There are 3 primary phases:

 The phases are defined by the molecular structure.

 Phase change processes
 There are multiple scenarios where two or more phases can co-exist.
 Examples include(but are not limited to):
 Boilers
 Refrigerators(vapor compression cycles)

 There are two form of heat(Q)

 Latent heat and sensible heat.
 Latent heat is the energy absorbed by or released from a substance during a phase change from a gas to a liquid or a solid or vice
versa.
 Sensible heat is the energy required to change the temperature of a substance with no phase change.

 Pressure-the pressure of a system is the force exerted on unit area of the boundary.
 Phase change processes
 Compressed/subcooled liquids
 This occurs when a liquid whose
temperature is less that its saturation
temperature at a particular pressure.
 Saturation temperature
 Commonly referred to as the boiling point.
 It is the temperature at which a liquid
chages phase to gas
 Saturated /super heated vapour
 Superheated vapor is solvent vapor
heated to and beyond its normal
boiling point at atmospheric
pressure
 Saturation pressure
 This occurs when a liquid whose
temperature is less that its saturation
temperature at a particular pressure.
Property change diagrams
Property tables
 Recommended viewings and readings
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkPPD_JMMQg
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJB3aA1V9TU
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGmih9A2jB4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rExSE5O4C_M
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXJQ_ZdWVnQ
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQTzNeUUh00
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Juz9pVVsmQQ