Microwaves

&
electromagnetic

Mashal AL-hajri
 Content:
• Introduction
• electromagnetic spectrum
• history of electromagnetic
waves
• Applications of microwaves
• Challenges & opportunites
• Future Developments in
Microwaves
• Conclusion
• Reference
 Introduction
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with a frequency range of 300 MHz to 300
GHz. The wavelengths of these electromagnetic waves are often determined as
well, ranging from 1m to 1mm.
Microwaves obey optical laws such as Snell's law and the law of reflection, and so
can be transferred, assimilated, or reflected, which is critical when studying how
microwaves work.
 electromagnetic spectrum
the electromagnetic spectrum; as you can see from this
diagram, it begins at DC, 3 KHz, and extends to several THz.
So, let's just look at the application side of things. As you can
see, the sources are primarily earth and subways at extremely
low frequencies. Then you are familiar with ac power which is
60 Hz. Then we can say that you used CRT monitors and
AM/FM radio. So, AM radio frequency ranges from 530 to
1620 KHz, and FM radio ranges from 88 MHz to 108 MHz,
followed by TV. This is a picture of a cell phone and a cell
phone tower. Then there's a microwave oven and Wi-Fi. To
clarify, a microwave oven operates at 2.45 GHz, and Wi-Fi
operates between 2.4 and 2.483 GHz. So these are almost in
the same frequency range, and then there are satellites that
operate at x band or even higher band, and also there are all
these other sources of electromagnetic radiation.
 history of electromagnetic waves

Let us first dive in the history of electromagnetic waves. This is

necessary because, before we begin with the microwave, we must
first get in to the history of electromagnetic waves. So, the history of
electromagnetic waves dates back 200 years or more, and before
Maxwell's equations were renowned, a lot of work had been done by
various people, such as Gauss law, Ampere's law, and Faraday's law.
However, electromagnetic wave equations were first proposed by
Maxwell in the 1860s.
So, it was in 1891 that Hertz basically validated Maxwell's
theory, and this is the original apparatus used by Hertz for
this electromagnetic experiment, and Hz is the unit of
frequency. As a result, it is critical that the individual who
truly develops all of this become almost eternal.
 Applications of microwaves
Microwaves are used in the same
way radio waves works . They're
utilized in communications, radio
astronomy, remote sensing, radar,
and, of course, kitchen uses due
to their heating functions.
Why are microwaves used in cell
phones? Because microwaves can
be produced using small
antennas.
 Challenges & opportunites

Microwave heating has various advantages over traditional heating,

including faster thermal ramps due to energy wave penetration rather
than heat transfer, selective material heating, and increased control and
safety, among other things. Despite substantial development in biomass
microwave-assisted pyrolysis, no demonstration or commercial
operations of such a system at a capacity for the generation of biofuels
and chemicals have occurred, owing in part to the difficulty in scaling
up, including the microwave heating modes.
 Future Developments in Microwaves ?

New uses for microwaves are being

investigated as technology progresses.
Wireless power transmission is one
field of study that would allow devices
to be charged without the use of wires
or cables.
Another area of research is the use of
microwaves to generate materials with
specialized qualities, such as
superconductors or materials that can
endure high temperatures and
pressures.
 Conclusion

Microwaves are an enthralling type of electromagnetic radiation that has

several practical uses in our daily lives. We can better exploit this
technology while also ensuring our safety if we grasp the regulations that
regulate its activity.
We should expect even more interesting advancements in the future as
research into the possible applications of microwaves continues.
 Reference

[1]“Intro to Microwaves: Theory and Devices | Ohio University,” Ohio University, Mar. 14, 2018.
https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu/blog/intro-to-microwaves-theory-and-devices/
[2]“Microwave - Electromagnetic Spectrum | What is Electromagnetic Spectrum?,” BYJUS.
https://byjus.com/physics/electromagnetic-spectrum-microwave/
[3]“Challenges and opportunities in microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review,”
Challenges and opportunities in microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review -
ScienceDirect, Apr. 04, 2022.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261922003828
[4]“NPTEL :: Electrical Engineering - NOC:Microwave Theory and Techniques,” NPTEL ::
Electrical Engineering - NOC:Microwave Theory and Techniques.
https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/108/101/108101112/
[5]“Week 1-Lecture 1,” YouTube, Jun. 15, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SxSBMum4gc
[6]CheyenneJ and V. my complete profile, “Microwave Oven Conclusion PLE,” Chey’s Blog:
Microwave Oven Conclusion PLE, May 07, 2012.
http://cheyennejyavapai.blogspot.com/2012/05/microwave-oven-conclusion-ple.html