PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY
• likelihood or chance of an
event to happen
Possible Outcomes
• results of an experiment
Sample Space (S)
• set of all possible outcomes of
an experiment
Event (E)
• set of all favorable outcomes
to the given condition
• collection of outcomes
THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
• Ratio of the number of ways an outcome can
occur to the number of all possible
outcomes.
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷 ( 𝑬 )=
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
EXPERIMENTAL PROBABILITY
• Ratio of the number of times an outcome of
an event had occurred to the total number
of trials made.

𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒅

𝑷 ( 𝑬 )=
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔
 Lesson 2:

COUNTING
TECHNIQUES
Counting Techniques
• Tree Diagram
• Systematic method of listing
Example 1:
Suppose you are choosing an outfit by
selecting blue jeans, or black pants, and
then by selecting a red, white or green
shirt. How many possible outcomes are
there?
Example 2:
How many menus can be done from 3
sandwiches, 3 flavors of French fries, and
3 flavored drinks.
Example 3:
A special school offers two English classes,
(American Literature and Foreign Language),
three Math classes ( Calculus, Geometry, and
Statistics), and three History classes
(Philippine, Asian, and World History). Jane
wants take one class from each subject. In
how many different ways can she organize her
class schedule?
Seatwork#1: Determine the possible number of
outcomes. Draw a tree diagram and perform
systematic listing to illustrate the outcomes .

A movie theater sells 3 sizes of popcorn (small,

medium, and large) with 3 choices of toppings (no
butter, butter, extra butter). How many possible
ways can a bag of popcorn be purchased?
 Lesson 3:

FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLE
OF COUNTING
Fundamental Principle of Counting
• states that if one event can occur in
ways and a second event can occur
ways , and a third in ways, and so on,
then these events can occur in
Example 1:
Suppose you are choosing an outfit by
selecting blue jeans, or black pants, and
then by selecting a red, white or green
shirt. How many possible outcomes are
there?
Example 2:
A boy has 3 – t-shirts, 2 pants and 2 pairs
of shoes. Find the total number of possible
outfits the boy has.
Example 3:
Determine the possible outcomes of the
following when they are rolled or tossed.
a. five coins
b. four six-sided dice
c. three six-sided dice and two coins
Seatwork#2: Use the fundamental counting principle to
determine the possible number of outcomes.
1. Ana has 4 skirts, 5 shirts, and 3 sandals. How many
different outfits can she wear?
2. Six coins are tossed. How many different outcomes are
there?
3. A shop sells 3 sizes of French fries (small, medium, and
large) with 3 flavors (cheese, barbecue, and sour cream).
How many possible ways can a bag of French fries be
purchased?
 Lesson 4:

PROBABILITY OF
AN EVENT
Independent & Dependent Events
• Two events are considered independent if
the first event does not affect the
occurrence of the second event.
• Two events are dependent to each other if
the first event affects the occurrence of
the second event.
Example 1:
In how many ways can you select a
president, vice president, and secretary
from a class of 30 students?
Example 2:
In how many ways can the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
place prizes be awarded in a math contest
with 15 contestants?
Example 3:
In 2019, automobile license plates display
3 letters followed 2 numbers. How many
plates are possible if:
a. repetition is allowed?
b. repetition is not allowed?
Example 4:
How many ways can all five children be
seated in a row if the girls must be seated
on the end chairs?
Seatwork#3:
1. A Grade 8 class consists of 18 boys and 13 girls. Find the
number of ways you can elect:
a.president and vice-president (2 points)
b.muse and escort (2 points)
2. The new standard configuration for the Philippine license
plates is 3 letters followed by 4 digits (ABC 1234). How many
different license plates are possible if:
c.letters and digits can be repeated? (2 points)
d.letters and digits cannot be repeated? (2 points)