Maths F4 C2 Number Bases

KSSM SYLLABUS – MATHEMATICS – SPM FORM 4
CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES
What is a number base?
Number Number of different digits

Base that a number system used
• Consists of digits from 0 to 9
• For example, Base 2 consists of 0 and 1
(used in computer binary system).
111111011101010101001010101
01010010101011110101010110
00010111010101010111010100
100100101101111010101010111
00010111010010101110010100
REFER
TEXTBOOK 11010010100101010010100100
Page 19 101001000101011110100101
What are number bases?
Number Number of different digits

Base that a number system used
• Consists of digits from 0 to 9
• For example, Base 10 consists of 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
(used in decimal number system).
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 19
What are the examples of number bases?

Table: Digits used in base two up to base ten:
Number base Digits Examples
Base 2 0, 1 102
Base 3 0, 1, 2 123
Base 4 0, 1, 2, 3 3214
Base 5 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 435
Base 6 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5206
Base 7 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 57
Base 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 10718
REFER
Base 9 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 689
TEXTBOOK
Page 19
Base 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 771710
Power
526 2 4
Base
What is place value?
Numerical value
Place value
that a digit has
• Repeated multiplication of the base
• For example,
517810
Place value of
Number base
digit 5 digit 1 digit 7 digit 8
Base 10
1000 100 10 1

Table: Base and their place value
Number base Place value
Base a a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Base 2 25 24 23 22 21 20
Base 10 105 104 103 102 101 100
Example 1:
State the place value of each digits in 35728.
Digit 3 5 7 2
(a) 1010112
Place value 83 82 81 80

Table: Base and their place value
Number base Place value
Base a a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Base 2 25 24 23 22 21 20
Base 10 105 104 103 102 101 100
Example 2:
State the place value of each digits in 1010112.
Digit 1 0 1 0 1 1
Place value 25 24 23 22 21 20
What is value of a digit?
Digit Multiplication of digit and

Value its place value
Example 1:
State the place value and value of each digits in 517810.
Digit digit 5 digit 1 digit 7 digit 8

103 102 101 100
Place value
=1000 =100 =10 =1
Digit value 5000 100 70 8


Example 2:
Digit value 8 4 0 1

Example 3:
Digit 2 7 1
Place value 82 81 80
Digit value 128 56 1


Example 4:
State the value of digit 5 in 35126.
Digit value 648 180 6 2

What is value of a number?
Number
Sum of digits’ values
value
Example 1:
Determine the value of 120213.
Digit 1 2 0 2 1
Place value 34 33 32 31 30
Digit value 81 54 0 6 1
Number value (Ans: 142)
What is value of a number?
Number
Sum of digits’ values
value
Example 2:
Determine the value of 5126.
Digit 5 1 2
Digit value 180 6 2
Number base Digits Examples

Base 2 0, 1
Base 3 0, 1, 2
Base 4 0, 1, 2, 3
Base 5 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Base 6 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Base 7 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Base 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Base 9 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Page 24
Base 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
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How to convert to Base 10 from other Base?
Number in Number in
base 10 Sum of multiplication between digit and its place value other base
(Base 2 to 9)
Example 1:
Convert 2536 to a number in base 10.
Digit 2 5 3
Digit value 72 30 3
How to convert number in Base 10 to other base?

Method 1: Division using place value
Number in Method 2: Division using base number
Number in
base 10 other base
(Base 2 to 9)
Example 2:
Place value 53=125 52=25 51=5 50=1
Division using
4 rmd 64 2 rmd 14 2 rmd 4 4
place value
Base 5 4 2 2 4
(Ans: 42245)

Number in
base 10 other base
(Base 2 to 9)
Example 2:

Number in
base 10 other base
(Base 2 to 9)
Example 3:
Place value 44=256 43=64 42=16 41=4 40=1
Division
using place 1 rmd 30 0 rmd 30 1 rmd 14 3 rmd 2 2
value
Base 4 1 0 1 3 2 (Ans: 101324)

How to convert number in between different Base?

Number in
(Base 2 to 9)
Example 1:
Convert 2536 to a number in base 9. (Ans: 1269)
How to convert number in between different Base?

Number in
(Base 2 to 9)
Example 2:
Convert 3345 to a number in base 2. (Ans: 10111102)
How to convert base 2 to base 8?

Number in Base 2 Number in Base 8
Method 1
Step 1: Separate digits (3 digits each group)
Step 2: Find sum of digits value for each group
Example 1:
Digit 1 1 0 1 1 1
Place value 25 24 23 22 21 20
Digit value 32 16 0 4 2 1
Sum 48 7
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 23
(Ans: 678)

Method 2
Step 1: Separate digits (3 digits each group)
Step 2: Refer table of sum of digits
Example 1: Base 2 Base 8

Convert 1101112 to a number in base 8. 000 0
001 1
(Ans: 678) 010 2
011 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
REFER
TEXTBOOK 111 7
Page 23

Method 3 (conventional method)
Step 1: Convert to number in Base 10 (Multiplication)
Step 2: Convert to number in Base 8 (Division)
Example 1:
(Ans: 678)
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 23

Example 2:
Convert 110011012 to a number in base 8. Base 2 Base 8
000 0
(Ans: 3158) 001 1
010 2
011 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
REFER
111 7
TEXTBOOK
Page 23

Example 1: Base 2 Base 8
000 0
001 1
(Ans: 1111002) 010 2
011 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
111 7
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 23

Example 2:
Convert 1328 to a number in base 2. Base 2 Base 8
000 0
(Ans: 10110102) 001 1
010 2
011 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
111 7
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How to add numbers in various bases?
Method 1: Vertical form Method 2: Conversion to Base 10

Example:
Calculate 47610 + 83610
(Ans: 131210)
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 25

Example 1:
Calculate 1112 + 1102
(Ans: 11012)
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 25

Example 2:
Calculate 1758 + 6738
(Ans: 10708)
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 25
How to subtract numbers in various bases?

Example:
Calculate 82910 - 17410
(Ans: 65510)
REFER
TEXTBOOK
Page 25

Example 1:
Calculate 3728 - 778 (Ans: 2738)
REFER
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Example 2:
Calculate 18279 - 659 (Ans: 17529)
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KSSM SYLLABUS – MATHEMATICS – SPM FORM 4

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is a number base?

Number Number of different digits

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What are number bases?

Number Number of different digits

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What are the examples of number bases?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is place value?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is place value?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is place value?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is value of a digit?

Digit Multiplication of digit and

Digit digit 5 digit 1 digit 7 digit 8

Digit value 5000 100 70 8

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is value of a digit?

Digit Multiplication of digit and

Digit digit 1 digit 1 digit 0 digit 1

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is value of a digit?

Digit Multiplication of digit and

Digit value 128 56 1

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is value of a digit?

Digit Multiplication of digit and

Digit digit 3 digit 5 digit 1 digit 2

Digit value 648 180 6 2

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is value of a number?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

What is value of a number?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

Number base Digits Examples

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

How to convert to Base 10 from other Base?

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES

How to convert number in Base 10 to other base?

Place value 53=125 52=25 51=5 50=1

CHAPTER 2 – NUMBER BASES