MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION
 What is Model of
Communication?
The communication model is a visual
representation of the procedure that
aids in understanding the human
communication process.

They help us examine the steps in the

process of communication, so we can
better understand how we communicate
both at the workplace and outside of it.
Linear Model Of Communication
Linear Model Of Communication
1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
 These models represents communication as
an orator to a large audience.

 Speaker plays an important role in

communication.
 Ethos — defines the credibility of the speaker.
Speaker gains credibility, authority, and power by
being an expert in a field of their choice.
 Pathos — connects the speaker with the audience
through different emotions (anger, sadness,
happiness, etc.)
 Logos — an important element that signifies logic.
It is not enough for the speech to be interesting — it
needs to follow the rules of logic.
Example:
Professor Janelle is giving a lecture on to her
students. She is delivering her speech
persuasively, in a manner that leaves her students
mesmerized. Professor is in the center of attention,
whereas her audience — her students, are merely
passive listeners. Nevertheless, her message
influences them and makes them act accordingly.
2. Lasswel’s Model of Communication
 Lasswell’s model is a basic framework for analyzing
one-way communication by asking five questions: Who,
said what, through which channel, to whom, with what
effects?
 The effect is the measurable and obvious change in the
receiver of the message, that is caused by the elements
of communication. If any of the elements change, the
effect also changes
 3. Berlos’s Model of Communication
 While the Aristotle model of communication puts the speaker in the central
position and suggests that the speaker is the one who drives the entire
communication, the Berlo’s model of communication takes into account the
emotional aspect of the message. Berlo’s model of communication operates
on the SMCR model.
In the SMCR model:

S - Stands for Source

M - Message
C - Channel
R - Receiver
Example:
Watching the news on the television is the perfect
example of Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model of
communication.

The news presenter is the source of the news and

she conveys the message to the audience. The news
is the message, the television — the channel, and
the audience are the receivers of the message.
Transactional Model Of Communication
1. Barnlund’s Model of Communication
Advantages of Barlund’s Transactional Model
 The model shows shared field experience of the sender and receiver.
 Transactional model talks about simultaneous message sending, noise and
feedback.
 Barnlund’s model is taken by critics as the most systematic model of
communication.

Disadvantages of Barlund’s Model

 Barnlund’s model is very complex.
 Both the sender and receiver must understand the codes sent by the other.
So they must each possess a similar "code book". (The concept of code
book is not mentioned in the model but understood.)
This model accentuates the role of cues in
impacting our messages. So, Barnlund
differentiates between:

 Public cues (environmental cues),

 Private cues (person’s personal thoughts
and background), and
 Behavioral cues (person’s behavior, that
can be verbal and nonverbal).
 2. Shannon-Weaver’s Model
of Communication
 The second model is that of Claude Shannon and Warren
Weaver (1948) which gave us the concept of “NOISE”. This
is often called Telephone Model because it is based on the
experience of having the message interfered with by “noise”
from the telephone switchboard back in 1940s.
 The noise apeears in the form of mishearing a conversation,
misspelling an email, or static on
Interactive Model Of Communication
 1. Schramm’s Model of Communication
 The Osgood-Schramm model explores communication that is equal and
reciprocal.

 It does not differentiate between the sender and receiver, but sees each
as being in an equal position as message encoders and decoders.

 This model is best for explaining and examining personal synchronous

communication where feedback is immediate (such as face-to-face
discussions). As feedback is immediate, noise can be reduced through
ongoing clarification of messages during the conversation.
 FIELD OF
EXPERIENCE

Schramm affirmed that communication

can take place if an only if there is an
overlap between the FIELD OF
EXPERIENCE of the speaker and the
field of experience of the listener
 2. Westley And Maclean’s Model
of Communication
 Westley and Maclean model embraces the importance of feedback
in communication. However, it also emphasizes the important role of
environmental and cultural factors in influencing communication. It
shows that the things we say and communicate are influenced by
who we are, what our background is, and what perspective we are
approaching issues from. The model takes into account the object of
orientation (background, culture and beliefs) of the sender and
receiver of messages. It also considers the message to have been
received and sent within a broader social context that needs to be
considered to know and understand the message
 MOTIVATION
 as a function of communication refers to a
person using a language to express desires,
needs, wants, likes and dislikes,
inclinations, choices and aspirations
 INFORMATION
DISSEMINATION
 communication can be used for giving
and getting information. Giving
information usually comes in the form
of statements of facts
 EMOTIONAL
EXPRESSION
 Human always need to express their emotions
verbally and nonverbally. Emotions are a
central part of who we are. Beyond thinking
about the things and people in our world, we
feel about them and about ourselves.
Language Importance:
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 Language Importance:
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Language Importance:

• ICT as a powerful tool Goal 8:

• Developing and providing
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Development
 Thank you!

Micko Pen Dion Joeclarisse Espiritu

Princess Basanes

Mario Il-lab Jr Robbie Gadioma Jemailyn Paine