PLANT

CELLS

Parts &
Functions
Agenda

Identifying the parts of

the Plant Cell

Understanding their
functions
• 1. Ribosomes
• - A ribosome is the cellular machinery
responsible for making proteins. There are
many ribosomes in each cell, each made up
Parts
of two subunits. These two subunits lock
around the messenger RNA and then travel
of
along the length of the messenger RNA
molecule reading each three-letter codon.
Plant
• - Basically responsible for making
information (in the form of RNA proteins). Cell
• 2. Lysosomes
• - are involved with various cell processes.
They break down excess or worn-out cell
parts. They may be used to destroy
Parts
invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is
damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can
of
help it to self-destruct in a process called
programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
Plant
• - The “trash-can” of the cell.
Cell
• 3. Nucleus
• - By housing the cell's genome, the nucleus
serves both as the repository of genetic
information and as the cell's control center.
Parts
DNA replication, transcription, and RNA
processing all take place within the nucleus,
of
with only the final stage of gene expression
(translation) localized to the cytoplasm. Plant
• - Equivalent to the brain in humans. Cell
• 4. Nucleolus
• - The nucleolus is a spherical structure found
in the cell's nucleus whose primary function
is to produce and assemble the cell's
Parts
ribosomes. The nucleolus is also where
ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.
of
• - If the Nucleus is the brain, then the
Plant
Nucleolus is the equivalent to the neurons
firing inside the brain. Cell
• 5. Mitochondrion
• - Their main function is to generate the energy necessary
to power cells. But, there is more to mitochondria than
energy production. Present in nearly all types of human
cell, mitochondria are vital to our survival. They generate
Parts
the majority of our adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the
energy currency of the cell. of
• - Appropriately nicknamed, "The Powerhouse of the Cell".
Plant
• - Mitochondrion = Only singular (1), while Mitochondria
= Two (2) or more. Cell
• 6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• - The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth
or rough, and in general its function is to produce
proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The
Parts
rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes,
which are small, round organelles whose function
it is to make those proteins.
of
• - The relation between the proteins being
Plant
produced for the rest of the cell to function are
similar to blood in humans. Cell
• 7. Vacuole
• - In plants, the vacuole is crucial for growth
and development and has a variety of
functions, including storage and transport,
Parts
intracellular environmental stability, and
response to injury. Depending on the cell
of
type and growth conditions, the size of
vacuoles is highly dynamic.
Plant
Cell
• 8. Golgi Apparatus
• - is central to the growth and division of
the plant cell through its roles in protein
glycosylation, protein sorting, and cell wall
Parts
synthesis. The structure of the plant Golgi
reflects the relative importance of these
of
roles.
Plant
• - The sorting system of the cell. Cell
• 9. Cell Membrane
• - A layer of cell membrane, made up of
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, covers
plant cells. Plant cells also contain an extra
Parts
covering, known as a cell wall, present
outside the cell membrane. The cell wall of
of
a plant contains carbohydrates, such as
cellulose and pectin.
Plant
• - The innermost layer of protection in cells.
Cell
• 10. Cytoplasm
• - Plant cell cytoplasm performs many
important functions. It maintains the shape
of the cell, provides crucial support to the
Parts
internal structures and is the suspension
medium for the organelles. The cytoplasm
of
in plant cells houses chloroplasts, which
contain chlorophyll.
Plant
Cell
• 11. Chloroplast
• - Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that
convert light energy into relatively stable
chemical energy via the photosynthetic
Parts
process. By doing so, they sustain life on
Earth.
of
• - Are responsible for photosynthesis
Plant
(converting light into energy). Cell
• 12. Amyloplast
• - The amyloplast function in plant cells is to store
this extra glucose in a more complex form of
starch so that it can be used later when there is
Parts
need for more glucose that is not currently being
produced. Then there is the amyloplast function
to convert the starch back into glucose.
of
• - If the Mitochondria and Chloroplast (in plants
Plant
specifically) are the generators of energy, then
the Amyloplast is the battery. Cell
• 13. Cell Wall
• - It provides a structural framework to
support plant growth and acts as the first
line of defense when the plant encounters
Parts
pathogens. The cell wall must also retain
some flexibility, such that when subjected
of
to developmental, biotic, or abiotic stimuli
it can be rapidly remodeled in response.
Plant
• - The outermost layer of the cell.
Cell
THANK YOU!