IRRIGATION

PUMPS
Irrigation pumps
Irrigation pumps are used to pump water from a
lower to a higher level from which the water then
flows through channels to the fields requiring
irrigation

Irrigation pump plays a crucial role in farm

operations by providing a reliable and efficient
water supply for crops. It is an essential tool for
farmers to ensure optimal growth and productivity
of their crops.
Centrifugal pump components

A. Stuffing box
B. Packing
C. Shaft
D. Shaft sleeve
E. Vane
F. Casing
G. Eye of impeller
H. Impeller
I. Casing wear ring
J. Diffuser
K. Discharge nozzle
Centrifugal pump
components

Motor
Discharge line
Impeller
Throat
Nozzle
Well casing
Suction pipe
Foot valve and screen
STUFFING BOX PACKING SHAFT
A stuffing box of a pump Consist of a braided or It is the central part of the
houses a gland that twisted material, such as pump which rotates together
compresses the packing used graphite, that are placed with the impeller when
to seal the pumped fluid. It around a shaft or valve stem connected. The shaft is linked
prevents leakage along the which is a mechanical seal to the prime mover in order to
STUFFING BOX
shaft that passes through a Athat is tightened
stuffing to create
box of a pump housesa a get the power.
hole in the pump. secure,
gland leak-free the
that compresses seal.
packing used
to seal the pumped fluid. It prevents
leakage along the shaft that passes
VANE IMPELLER
through a hole in the pump. DIFFUSER
The vanes maintain a close This is known as the Diffuser increases the
seal against the wall of the rotating part of the efficiency centrifugal pump
pumping chamber centrifugal pump enclosed by allowing a more gradual
preventing fluid from in a casing that is watertight. expansion and less
leaking back across the turbulent area for the liquid
The impeller rotates and
pump to reduce in velocity.
imparts velocity to a liquid.
DISCHARGE NOZZLE SUCTION PIPE PRESSURE GAUGE
The discharge nozzle is where Transports fluid material Reads the water pressure in
the fluid is propelled from the from the source to the your systems and tests your
pump pump itself water flow

STUFFING BOX
A stuffing box of a pump houses a
gland that compresses the packing used
to seal the pumped fluid. It prevents
leakage along the shaft that passes
CASING WEAR RING FOOTa hole
through VALVE
in the pump. MOTOR
Wearing ring is a part of Keep the pump primed, It supplies power to the
pump which is used for allowing water to flow in, pump
reducing the internal but not letting it flow back
circulation of liquid in the out
casing of a pump.
Types of irrigation pumps
- A piston pump is a class of positive
1. Piston-type pump
displacement pump where the high-
pressure seal reciprocates with the
piston.
- Piston pumps use a piston (also
called a plunger) for moving
liquids.
- The plunger is driven into the
cylinder by a wheel or revolving
shaft where it displaces a volume of
fluid.
Types of irrigation pumps
2. Rotary lobe pump - Used primarily as source of fluid
power in hydraulic system
- A type of displacement pump
consisting essentially of elements
rotating in a close-fitting pump
case
- It is essential for pumping toxic
liquids, radioactive wastewater,
and other liquid waste.
Types of irrigation pumps
2. Rotary lobe pump
- A rotary lobe pump consists of one
driver rotor and one driven rotor
- Gears are fixed on the rotor shaft
and is located behind the rotors.
The gears transmit rotation from
the driver rotor to the driven rotor.
Types of irrigation pumps
3. Centrifugal pump - It is the commonly used type for
domestic and irrigation purposes.
- A centrifugal pump is defined as a
hydraulic machine that changes
mechanical energy into hydraulic
energy using centrifugal force
acting on the fluid. This is a
machine that uses rotation to
enforce velocity on a liquid, the
velocity will then be converted
into a flow.
Centrifugal pumps

a. Volute

A volute is a stationary casing that

collects the liquid discharged by the
impeller and converts the high-
velocity liquid into high-pressure
liquid by gradually increasing the
area of flow. This helps to reduce the
velocity of the liquid and increase its
pressure before it exits the pump.
Centrifugal pumps

b. Diffuser

Diffuser vanes are positioned such

that they begin close to the other
edge of the impeller and then
gradually extend away from the
impeller periphery. The purpose is to
increase the efficiency of centrifugal
pump by allowing more gradual
expansion and less turbulent area for
the liquid to reduce velocity
Centrifugal pumps

c. Turbine pump

A turbine pump is a class of

centrifugal pump which uses
turbine-like impellers with
radially oriented teeth to move
liquids. Moving fluids acts on
the blades so that they move
and impart rotational energy to
the rotor.
Turbine pumps
Submersible
The motor is fixed directly
below the intake of the
pump. The pump element
and the motor operate
under submerged condition.
It can be used in very deep
tube well where a long
shaft would not be
practical.
Deep-well
Deep-well turbines are also
known as vertical turbine
pumps. Deep-well turbine
pumps are used to pump
groundwater. They consist
of a housing or bowl,
impellers, and a shaft, all of
which are installed in the
well.
Turbine pumps
Submersible Deep-well
Types of irrigation pumps
4. Mixed flow pump
Mixed flow pump combines some of
the characteristics of the volute and
diffuser pumps together with some
axial flow pump features. The head
developed by this pump is produced
partly by centrifugal force and partly
by the lift of the impeller vanes on the
liquid. The flow enters the pump in an
axial direction and leaves the pump in
a direction somewhere between axial
and radial.
Types of irrigation pumps
5. Axial flow pump
Axial flow pumps are also
called propeller pumps, which
are used for low pressure head
and high discharge, and
extensively used for drainage
pumping and the transfer of
water from canals and rivers to
adjacent fields.
Types of irrigation pumps
6. Air lift pump
An airlift pump uses air to move liquid.
It consists of a pipe that is partially submerged in the liquid to be
pumped. Air is injected below the surface of the liquid and create air
bubbles that mixes with the liquid, creating a mixture that is less dense
than the liquid surrounding it. This causes the liquid to flow into the
pipe and be displaced upwards, like water being sucked up a straw.
The air and liquid mixture is then pushed out of the top of the pipe and
into the discharge.
Types of irrigation pumps
6. Air lift pump
Types of irrigation pumps
7. Axial flow pump
Also known as ejector pumps, are devices capable of
handling and transporting all forms of motive fluid including gas,
steam, or liquid. This pump utilizes the Venturi effect to generate
suction and draw fluid into a pipe.
Jet pumps are mounted above ground and are non-
submersible. They are typically used to draw water from a well
through a suction pipe to provide potable water or domestic water
pressure.
How does a centrifugal pump work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaEHVpKc-1Q
Types of irrigation pumps
8. Fuel engine powered pump

a. Diesel engine
powered pump- type
of water pump that
uses a diesel engine
for power
Types of irrigation pumps
8. Fuel engine powered pump

b. Gasoline engine
powered pump-
uses a gasoline
engine to power
its operation
Gasoline engine powered irrigation
pump components
Gasoline engine powered irrigation
pump components
Gasoline engine
Before operating the pump:
pump operation
1. Install the strainer on the end of the suction hose
before operation.

2. Confirm that engine oil has been properly added.

• Check oil level

3. Confirm that gasoline has been properly added.

• Check gasoline level

4. Prime the pump

Gasoline engine
Starting the pump:
pump operation
1. Turn the fuel valve ON.
2. Close the choke lever.
3. Move the throttle lever from left (low speed) to right (high speed) to
keep about 1/3 distance from the right (high speed).
4. Turn the engine switch to the ON position.
5. Pull the starter handle lightly until resistance is felt, and then pull it
briskly.
6. Move the choke lever gradually to the ON position after the engine
warms up.
7. Move the throttle lever fully to the left (high speed).
Gasoline engine
Stopping the pump:
pump operation
1. Move the throttle lever to the right end (low speed).
2. Turn the engine switch to the OFF position.
3. Turn the fuel valve OFF.
Gasoline engine pump operation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZJBKOdr_Zk&t=27s
Safety operation of irrigation pump
1. Protective gear
2. Inspect pumps
3. Know how the pump works
4. Do not bypass safety interlock
5. Follow all lockout/tagout procedures
6. Do not repair a running pump
7. Check electrical connections
8. Do not operate a leaking pump
9. Check all connections
10. Do not overrun the pump
11. Stay away from moving parts
Troubles, causes and remedy/solution
Troubles Causes Remedy/solution
Low water Clogged or damaged impeller Clean or replace the impeller to restore proper water flow.
pressure Airlock in the System Bleed air from the system by opening a valve at the highest
point.
Leaks in the Suction Line Inspect and fix any suction line leaks to maintain optimal
pressure.
Noisy operation Air in the Pump Bleed air from the pump to eliminate noise.

Loose or Damaged Tighten or replace loose components for a quieter operation.

Components
Cavitation Address cavitation issues by adjusting the pump’s speed or
impeller size.
Pump won’t Electrical Problems Check electrical connections and replace damaged parts to
start or stops ensure a smooth start.
abruptly Overheating Improve ventilation and cooling around the pump to prevent
overheating.
Blocked Inlet or Outlet Clear any obstructions in the inlet or outlet to maintain a steady
flow.
Troubles, causes and remedy/solution
Leaking water Gasket Failure Replace worn gaskets and seals to stop leaks.
pump
Seal Problems Address seal issues by replacing damaged seals.

Cracked Housing Repair or replace the housing to prevent further

leakage.

Reduce flow rate Impeller Wear Replace worn impellers to restore the flow rate.
Pipe Blockages Clear any pipe blockages to maintain optimal flow.

Bearings Poor coupling alignment
overheating
Bearing covers too tight
Pumped flow is less than minimum
safe continuous flow
Check coupling rubber and realign pump and
coupling
Check and loosen if necessary, bearing cover
Increase flow. If necessary, use by-pass
recirculating valve or line

Insufficient lubrication or lubricating Check the amount of oil/grease. Clean the

oil / grease dirty or contaminated bearings, bearing housing and lubricate.
Care and Maintenance

Changing engine oil

- Warm up the engine and drain the oil to assure rapid and complete
draining.
1). Remove the oil dipstick and the drain screw, then drain the oil.
2). Reinstall the drain screw and tighten it.
3). Place the engine in a level position and refill with recommended oil
4). Reinstall the oil dipstick and tighten it.

Maintaining the air cleaner

- Service the air cleaner periodically to prevent carburetor malfunctions.
- More frequent maintenance will be necessary if the pump is working in
an extremely dirty environment.
Care and Maintenance
Cleaning filter element
- Slightly tap the filter element a few times, then blow it with
compressed air (pressure: 207 KPa) from inside

Maintaining the spark plug

1). Remove the plug cap.
2). Remove the spark plug by the wrench.
3). Visually check the spark plug.
4). Thread the plug in by hand to prevent cross-threading.
5). Tighten the spark plug with the wrench to compress the washer
6). Reinstall plug cap.
Arigathankyou!

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