PE & HEALTH

ATHLETICS
WHAT IS
ATHLETICS?
ATHLETICS IS COMPOSED OF SPORTS
INVOLVING RUNNING, WALKING,
JUMPING AND THROWING. IT IS A
GROUP OF SPORTS DIVIDED MAINLY
IN WHAT IS POPULARLYKNOWN AS
“TRACK
AND FIELD”.
THE TRACK:
It is split into six to
ten lanes which
circle around an
inner field used for
throwing and
jumping events.
THE WINNER OF ALL RACES
CONDUCTED ON THE TRACK IS THE
FIRST PERSON WHOSE TORSO CROSSES
THE FINISHING LINE.

A RUNNER IS DISQUALIFIED FROM A

RACE IF THEY MAKE TWO FALSE
STARTS, WHICH ARE COUNTED IF THEY
LEAVE THE STARTING BLOCKS BEFORE
THE STARTING GUN IS FIRED.
STARTING
BLOCK

Device made up of
two adjustable pedals
that allow sprinters
to give themselves
momentum during a
start.
• In 776 B.C, Greeks started to promote track
and field and it opened the Olympic Games.
Since then, it has been staged every four
years until 394 A.D. Athens revived the
Olympic Games in 1896. After that, the
Olympic Games is stage every four years.
• Olympic Games became very competitive and in 1923,
women were included in the event. The competition
was under the support of the Amateur Athletics Union.
Track and field was introduced to the Filipinos by the
Americans. It was warmly accepted as one of the
events for competition. Athletics as part of the local
competition, was governed by the Philippines Athletics
Track and Field Association.
A. Running Events
B. Jumping Events
C. Throwing
Events
RUNNING EVENTS
• 100-meter dash • 4 x 400-meter relay
• 200-meter dash • 4 x 400-meter dash
• 400-meter dash • 110 meter high hurdles
• 800-meter run • 100 meter hurdles
• 1500-meter run • 400 meter low hurdles
• 3000-meter run • 3000-meter Steeple Chase
• 5000-meter run • Marathon and Walkathon
 JUMPING
EVENTS
• Long Jump
• Triple Jump
• High Jump
• Pole Vault
 THROWING
EVENTS
• Shot Put
• Discus Throw
• Javelin Throw
• Hammer Throw
Running
Events
Running events are played in an
oval. It has eight lanes and the
inner most lane measures 400
meters. The seven other lanes
are
appropriately marked to indicate
the 400-meter distance and the
The surface of the oval is even
and
levelled, covered by mixture of
sand and cinder, some are com-
bination of asphalt and synthetic
rubber. The modern running tracks
are made out of synthetic rubber
 RACES

MIDDLE DISTANCE
SHORT DISTANCE RACES RACES
• 50 m., 100 m., • 800 m & 1500 m.
• 200m. & 400 m
• 600 m (Indoors).
SHORT DISTANCE RACES
• 100 M - THE SHORTEST RUNNING EVENT IN
ATHLETICS.
• 200 M - AS WITH THE 100 M, THE 200 M REQUIRES
INSTANT ACCELERATION BUT IT ALSO NEEDS
STAMINA TO MAINTAIN THE SPEED FOR THE
DURATION OF THE RACE.
• 400 M - THE DISTANCE OF ONE CIRCUIT AROUND
THE TRACK.
• 600 M (THIS IS ONLY INCLUDED IN INDOOR
ATHLETICS COMPETITIONS).
 MIDDLE DISTANCE
RACES
•800 M - THIS CONSISTS OF TWO CIRCUITS AROUND THE
TRACK, REQUIRING THE ATHLETE TO DEMONSTRATE
GOOD SPEED COMBINED WITH ENDURANCE.
•1500 M - ALSO KNOWN AS THE METRIC MILE, THE 1500M
RACE REQUIRES ATHLETES TO RUN 3.75 TIMES AROUND
THE TRACK. IT REQUIRES ENDURANCE IN ORDER THAT
CONTESTANTS MAINTAIN SPEED AND HAVE ENOUGH
ENERGY TO MAKE A FINAL PUSH TO THE FINISH LINE.
 RACES

LONG DISTANCE RACES ROAD EVENTS

• 3.000 m., 5.000 m & 10.000 m. • Marathon & Racewalking, 20 km.

and 50 km.
LONG DISTANCE RACES
•3000 M - A DISTANCE THAT IS OFTEN
RUN BY RUNNERS WHO ARE
COMFORTABLE AT BOTH 1500M AND
5000M.

•5000 M - REQUIRING EXTREME

ENDURANCE AND AEROBIC TRAINING
THE 5000 M REQUIRES ATHLETES TO
RUN 12.5 TIMES AROUND THE TRACK.

•10000 M - THE LONGEST TRACK EVENT

IN ATHLETICS COMPETITION, THE
10000 M REQUIRES INTENSE TRAINING
SESSIONS IN ORDER THAT THE
ATHLETE CAN BUILD UP THE STAMINA
AND MENTAL DETERMINATION
NECESSARY TO RUN THE REQUIRED 25
TIMES AROUND THE TRACK.
ROAD EVENTS
MARATHON
THE MARATHON IS A RACE COVERING THE DISTANCE OF 42.195 KM, WHICH WAS FIRST RUN BY A
GREEK MESSENGER IN 490 BC.

RACEWALKING
RACEWALKING IS A POPULAR EVENT WORLD WIDE BUT IT IS USUALLY ONLY INCLUDED IN THE
MAJOR COMPETITIONS, INCLUDING THE OLYMPICS, THE COMMONWEALTH GAMES AND THE IAAF
ATHLETICS WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS.
 FIELD EVENTS

JUMPING EVENTS THROWING EVENTS

High Jump Hammer

Long Jump Discus
Triple Jump Javelin
Pole Vault Shot Put
Jumping
Events
High Jump
In the high jump event, the
athlete must run in the
start and must jump over a
bar
without knocking it over.
They landon a big soft
cushion. Being able to jump
high without knocking the
bar is advantage to win the
Long Jump and Triple
Jump
Long Jump
Long jumping, is formerly called broad jumping. Speed is the
most vital ingredient for a successful jump in this event.
Jumpers make their approach down the runway at almost top
speed, plant a foot on the takeoff board, and leap into the air.
Jumpers must plant the forward foot not beyond the take-off
board to become legal.
Triple Jump
The triple jump is similar to the long jump, it is known as
the hop, step,and jump. The jumper will first rundown the
track gaining speed; at the start of the jump or takeoff
point they will jump or spring from one foot and landon
that same foot (hop); next they jump again, at this time
landing on the opposite foot (step); lastly they jump as far
as they can and landon both feet (jump) into the sand pit
or landing pit.
 Pole
Vault
Pole Vault
Pole vaulting is quite similar to high jump. Vaulters attempt to
vault over a crossbar placed on uprights, each height. They runs
down the track holding a pole at one end and plant the other end
in a metal box in the ground level. The vaulters propel
themselves up and over a high bar using both a jump and the
spring to gain height. They must get over the bar without
knocking it off. They are given three tries, then they landon a
large
safety.soft mattress for
Throwing
Events
Discus
A discus is plate like or
round disc (implement),
typically made of plastic
with a metal rim is
thrown from a concrete
circle It that is about
2.50 meter in diameter.
Discus Throw
The feet cannot leave the circle unless the thrower’s
discus lands on sector area else the thrower will beat
fault, and or the throw will not be counted. The thrower
that throws the farthest inside the sector area and
without committing any violation wins.
Javelin Throw
The javelin is something like a spear (implement). The
thrower must hold the javelin at the grip part and should
always be maintained above the shoulder level. The javelin
must lie before the specified zone and its tip should hit the
ground to become valid The thrower should maintain his
balance until the javelin lands on the ground.
 Javelin Throw
Venue
Once the competition has
started, the athletes cannot
use the perimeter for prac-
tice purpose. The thrower
who throws farthest inside
the landing sector and
didn’t commit any violation
wins.
Shot Put
Shot is piece of spherical
iron ball that is thrown
from
a concrete circle that is
seven feet in diameter. The
front of the circle has a
metal board called a toe
board or stop board.
Shot Put
The thrower cannot touch the top of the stop board or step
over it during the throw. The thrower holds the shot close to
his/her neck in one hand. The thrower must stay in a circle
until
the shot has landed or else their throw was invalid. The
thrower throws farthest inside the landing sector and without
committing any violation wins.
Venu
e
Hammer Throw
In this athletics throwing event, the thrower In throws a
metal ball attached to a handle and a straight wire
about three feet long. The hammer is thrown from a
concrete
circle 2.15 meter in diameter (just like the shot put) but
there is notoe board or stop board.
Hammer Throw
The thrower rotates several times to gain momentum prior
to releasing and throwing the hammer. Maintaining
balance is important due to the force generated by having
the
heavy ball at the end of the wire. The thrower that throws
farthest without committing any violation wins.
 Take pictures showing body
position of sprinter and runner.
(printed in short bond paper)
Deadline: March 6
Physical activity involves any bodily movement such as walking to
and from work, taking the stairs instead of elevators and escalators,
gardening, and doing household chores.
Exercise, however, is a type of physical activity that requires planned,
structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving
or maintaining your physical fitness level. Exercise can be
accomplished through activities such as cycling, dancing, walking,
swimming, yoga, working out at the gym, or running, just to name a
few. Regular exercise, depending upon the kind, improves aerobic
fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility.
flexibility is the ability of the joints to move through a full range of
motion. Stretching exercises can be an excellent way of increasing
flexibility.
 The body needs energy to function at its peak capacity, the simplest
way to do this is to eat a nutritious breakfast containing carbohydrates like
oatmeal and proteins and fats like eggs to improve the metabolism. Foods
with too much fat should be avoided because they can lead to less energy. It is
also important to eat after a physical activity to recharge the body's
energy.
Health Behaviors, Health Risks factors, and Physical Activity (PA) Health
Behaviors:
1. Eating Behavior- proper nutrition, choice of food
2. Sleep- rest, sleep and relax
3. Stress management
4. Post –traumatic stress- caused by an unnaturally traumatic
experiences, leading to the disruption of a person’s ability to cope and
Chronic stress- occurs someone experiences repeated and
continuing demands that inhibit the person’s function. Health
Risk factors:
1. Family history
2. cigarette smoking
3. hypertension (high blood)
4. hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol count)
5. impaired fasting glucose levels (high blood sugar)
6. sedentary lifestyle (Physical inactivity)
Health behavior - refers to a person's beliefs and actions regarding their health
and well-being. As a good example of this, some people's health behaviors jive
well with promoting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. People on their best
health behavior:
1. Do not smoke or use any other tobacco products.
2. Do not drink in excess. This means no more than two drinks per day for a
man under age 65 and one drink per day for a woman of any age or a man
over age 65.
3. They also exercise regularly. As a case in point, you can perform two and a
half hours of brisk walking every week to help improve your physical fitness.
4. And furthermore, such people eat well. This doesn't solely imply you should
just eat more fruits and vegetables, which is true. It also means you should
simultaneously cut back on salty food, greasy meals, and too many things
with simple sugar, like cola or sweets.
Healthy Lifestyle Actions to Reduce and Manage Stress
Stress is a normal response to dealing with changes and challenges in daily
life. In the short term, stress can help you perform better under pressure, but
constant stress can pose problems for your health. Long term stress can also increase
your risk of heart attack or stroke and contribute to depression.

These lifestyle actions can help you reduce or manage the stress in your life.

Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle:

 Eat a healthy diet.
 Exercise regularly.
 Reduce caffeine and sugar.
 Avoid cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs.
 Get enough sleep.
  Take a break.
 Ask for help.
 Try Deep Breathing - sit tall and comfortably, breath in slowly through your nose and
exhale through your mouth while counting to yourself.
 Reframe problems - pause, regroup and look at the situation from a positive angle. For
example, if you are stuck in traffic, enjoy the alone time.

Avoid Stress
 Avoid people who stress you out.
 Avoid topics that get you upset or cross.
 If there are topics you constantly argue over, such as religion or politics,
change the topic or remove yourself from the conversation when it
arises.
 Manage your time and plan ahead to avoid the last minute stress and
running behind.
Think Positively
 Look for the bright side of the situation.
 Challenges are opportunities for personal growth.
 Reflect on stressful situations and learn from your experience.
Learn How to Relax and Have Fun
 Set aside time for yourself each day.
 Time to relax, rest and take a break from all your responsibilities.
 Keep your sense of humour!
 Connect with others. Spend time with people who have a positive impact on
your life.
 Have lunch or go for a walk with a friend.
 Do something you enjoy every day.
 Listen to music you enjoy.