QUANTUM

MECHANICA
L MODEL
Delving into atomic architecture
 At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

01 Define the basic principles of the quantum

OBJECTIVES
mechanical model, including its key

LEARNING
components such as the electron cloud, energy
levels, and quantum numbers.

02 Determine how quantum numbers describe the

energy and position of the electrons

03 Understand the significance of the Quantum

Mechanical Model in our daily lives and in
scientific advancements.
 Atomic models (timeline)

What is matter made Discovery of the Jumping electrons Current atomic

of? electron model

1897 1913 1927

1803 191 1920

First atomic theory Quantum atomic
Planetary model
1 model
 Quantum
mechanical
model
 QUANTUM MECHANICAL
Three physicists led to the MODEL
development of a better model of atom, these were Louie de Broglie,
Erwin Schrodinger, and Welner Karl Heisenberg:

LOUIE DE BROGLIE ERWIN SCHRODINGER WELNER KARL HEISENBERG

 Louie de Broglie
(1924)
A French physicist who proposed that the electron (which
is thought of as a particle) could also be thought as a wave.
 Erwin schrodinger
Austrian physicist who used the wave idea to develop a
mathematical equation to describe hydrogen atom.

He discovered that:
• Electrons move around the nucleus in a ‘cloud’ not
‘orbits’.
• Orbital helps us predict the area where we can find
electrons
• The close the position to the nucleus the higher the
chance to find electrons.
 WERNER KARL
HEISENBERG
Discovered that for every small particle like the electron,
its location cannot be exactly known and how its moving.
This is called UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE.

Uncertainty Principle- you can’t locate the exact position of

an electron at any given time (too small , to fast0
QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL
Comes from mathematical solution to the Schrodinger
equation. It views an electron as a cloud or negative charge
having a certain geometric shape.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL
The quantum mechanical model, or Schrödinger's atomic
model, uses atomic orbitals to explain the behavior and
probable location of an atom's electrons.

The figures shows that the darker an area the greater

is the probability of finding the electron in that area.
 QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL
The Quantum Mechanical Model also gives
information about the energy of the electron
and describes the region of space around the
nucleus as a consisting shells.
 Atomic orbitals
The volume or region
of space around the
nucleus where the
electron is most likely
to be found.
 4 types of atomic orbital
Dumbbell Cloverleaf
Spherical These shapes DOES
literally refer to the
electrons of an
atom.

These refers to the

regions where
electrons can be
placed or found.
Fundamental
 What are its components?
ELECTRON CLOUD
Region around the nucleus
where electrons orbit.

ATOMIC ORBITALS
Three-dimensional regions where electrons are most
likely to be found in an atom.

ELECTRON
Negatively charged subatomic
particle orbiting the nucleus.
 remember
As the number of electrons increases in
an atom, the orbital numbers will also
increases to accommodate the number of
electrons present in the situation.
 Quantum numbers
• It determines the location and arrangement
of electrons in an atom.
• It also describes the different atomic
orbitals
 Quantum numbers
1. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBERS (n)
Energy Level
• Refers to the energy level
of an electrons
• Denoted with symbol (n)
• Has a value of any
positive integer

If the value of “n” increases, the farther it

becomes from the nucleus of an atom. Bohr Model
 Quantum numbers
2. Angular Momentum (l)
• Refers to the shape of the Example:
orbitals n=1
l= n-1
• The value of this quantum l=3-1
number can be determine l=2 l= 0, 1 up to 2
using the formula l= n-1.

“n” represents the principal

quantum number.
 Quantum numbers
2. Angular Momentum (l)

• But when it comes on the highest Orbitals L Value

energy level in an electron S- orbital 0 (zero)
configuration (distribution of
P- orbital 1
electrons)…
D-orbital 2

We are going to base it on the F-orbital 3

highest energy level resulted
from the electron configuration.
 Quantum numbers
3. Magnetic Quantum Number ()
• Describes the spatial orientation or specific orbital of an
electron.
• Its value depends on the angular momentum value where,
it can be from the range of a negative integer, zero (0) to a
positive integer
 Quantum numbers
3. Magnetic Quantum Number ()
Orbitals l Value will be our
guide in placing
S- orbital 0 (zero) 0 the electrons in
our electron
P- orbital 1 -1, 0, 1 orbital diagram

D-orbital 2 -2, -1, 0, 1, 2

F-orbital 3 -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3

to positive charge integer range of “l” value.

 Quantum numbers
4. Spin Quantum Number ()
• It specifies the way the electron spin or rotates either
clockwise (line ray up_ or counterclockwise (line ray
down), on its axis as it moves within the orbital.
• Its value can be + or - and no other values are acceptable.
Assessment
In each set of quantum numbers identify the invalid part. You
need to justify what makes it invalid.

1. n= 1, l= 1, = 0, +

2. n= 2, l= 1, = 1, +

3. n= 0, l= 1, = -1, -
 Try
In each set of quantum numbers identify the invalid part. You
need to justify what makes it invalid.

1. If n=7 what are the possible values of L?

2. If n-=3 and l=2, then what are the possible

values of ?
3. n= 0, l= 1,