PHYSICS 2

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 Electricity plays a significant role
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in society. Nearly all technologies

today use electrical energy to work.
As technology made human life more
convenient, you can say that
electricity is associated with
convenience as well. Magnetism, on
the other hand is an effect of the
presence of electricity.
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The conversion from

electrical energy to work is
useful in our daily activities.
This conversion also provides
further opportunities for
technological advancement.
 As future professionals in the
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field of science and technology,

you have to understand the
principles of electricity and
magnetism because these
concepts, just to name a few, will
help you make wise decisions in
your respective careers.
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Atom is the building

block of matter. It
comprises the following
subatomic particles: proton,
electron and neutron.
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Protons are positively charged p+

Electrons have negative charges e−

Neutrons have no charge or are

electrically neutral. n0
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Relative Mass
Particle Symbol Mass (kg) Relative Charge Location
(proton = 1)

1.673 × inside the

proton p+ 1 +1
10−27 nucleus

9.109 × outside
electron e− 0.00055 −1
10−31 nucleus

1.675 × inside the

neutron n0 1 0
10−27 nucleus
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In the atomic level, an electric

charge determines the electric
interaction and magnetic
interaction between subatomic
particles and other charged
particles.
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This means that they are

affected by electromagnetism.
This interaction between charges
is summarized in the phrase
“like charges repel, unlike
charges attract.”
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As a derived SI (or
International System of Units)
quantity, an electric charge is
represented by the symbol “q”
and measured using the unit
coulomb (C).
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In chemistry, you learned that

the charges of subatomic
particles are measured in terms
of e. The relationship between e
and coulomb is
1 coulomb = 6.242 x 10 e
18
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Furthermore, electric
charge is quantized. This
means that the charge is
either zero or a multiple of
the basic unit of e.
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In an atom, the subatomic

particles provide the net charge. An
electrically neutral atom contains an
equal number of protons and
electrons. An atom that has an
imbalance in the number of protons
and electrons is called an ion.
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Cations are positive (more

protons than electrons)
Anions are negative ( more
electrons than protons)
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Review your notes in

5 minutes
 1. Using your understanding of
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the three subatomic particles, what

is an electric charge?
2. With respect to the presence
of charged particles, how does a
body become
a. positively charged?
b. negatively charged?
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Get your calculator.

Review the equation
discussed earlier.
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Compute the charge of the

following ions.
1. Ion with a charge of -2
2. ion with a charge of +5
3. Ion with a charge of -3
 Macroscopically, a body is
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electrically charged if the

number of positive charges it
has is not equal to the number
of the negative charges. In
other words, the charge of a
particle depends on the sum
of its electrical charges.
 BIG IDEA:
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Opposite charges in an atom

attract each other. If the positive
charges of an atom outnumber
the negative charges, the atom is
a positive ion. If there are more
negative charges than positive
charges in an atom, the atom is
Reflection:
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What are your opposing

characteristics or traits? How can you
use these traits to your advantage and
to help other people? How can you
relate your opposing characteristics or
traits to the concept of electric
charges?
Get your answer sheet again.
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What is the charge of each atom if it

comprises the following particles?
a. 5 electrons and 6 protons
b. 14 protons and 11 electrons
c. 5 electrons and 5 protons
d. 25 protons and 26 electrons
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Thank you…
God Bless…