Points to Study for the 3rd Quarterly

Exam
1. Properties of a well written text
2. patterns in organizing a paragraph
3. Claims, Counterclaims, Logical Fallacy
4. How to structure compare-contrast paragraph
5. Tools used in organizing written ideas
 Structure of
Compare-Contrast Paragraph
A. Block Method – this method involves discussing the features of
each subject separately.
- discuss all the first subject and then all of the second.
B. Point-by- Point – discusses similar item
- find similar points between eachsubject and alternate writing
about each of them.
C. Subject-by-subject - discussing each subject separately, but in
each case, you use the same basis of comparison to select your
points, and arrange these points in the same order.
Tools Used in Organizing written Ideas

1. Outline - tool usedto organize written ideas about a topic or

thesis into a logical order.
2. Graphic Organizers - tools that make pictures of your
thoughts
- pictures demonstrates relationships bewteen
facts, concepts, or ideas, and guide your
thinking as you design
 Graphic Organizers
1. Fishbone
2. Brainstorming
3. Venn Diagram
4. Spider Map
5. Network Tree
6. Series of Events Chain
7. Cycle
8. Timeline
 Logical Fallacy
 an argument that may sound convincing or true but is actually
flawed.
 are leaps of logic that leads us to an unsupported conclusion
people may commit logical fallacy unintentionally , due to poor
reasoning, or intentionally ( in order to manipulate others).
 Examples of Logical Fallacy
1. Slippery Slope- an argument wherein a course of action is rejected
because with littlw or no evidence, one insists that it will lead to a
chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends.

2. False Dilemma - is a fallacy that misrepresents an issue by

presenting only two mutually exclusive options rather than the full,
nuanced range .
3. Bandwagon - is also sometimes called the appeal to common belief or appeal
to the masses because it’s all about getting people to do or think something
because “everyone else is doing it” or “everything else thinks this.”

4. False Analogy - This fallacy consists in assuming that because two things are
alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect.
5. Complex Cause - na complex event shown as having only one cause
Example: We lost the game because Bryan missed the last shot.
6. Post Hoc - is a Latin phrase, meaning "after this" or "after the event".
- this fallacy states that the first event necessarily caused the second when one
event happens after another.
- For example, a black cat crossed my path, and then I got into a car accident.
The black cat caused the car accident.

7. Denying the Antecent - sometimes also called inverse error or fallacy of the
inverse, is a formal fallacy of inferring the inverse from an original statements
8. Straw Man - is the informal fallacy of refuting an argument
different from the one actually under discussion, while not
recognizing or acknowledging the distinction. One who engages in
this fallacy is said to be "attacking a straw man"
Example : If a parent tells their child they can't see their friends
tonight and the child responds, “Why do you hate me?” the child's
response is a straw man argument because it creates an exaggeration.