We are on our second module.

In this module you will learn how to

Hello!
prepare for your concept paper.

Raquel E. Dagu-ob
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 Developing a
research proposal
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 Desired Learning Outcomes

Formulate a research problem and

identify specific objectives for the
chosen topic

Identify and discuss appropriate

theoretical framework

Develop the conceptual framework

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 Desired Learning Outcomes

identify and formulate the scope and

limitations of a study

discuss the significance of a research

study
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 Desired Learning Outcomes

identify the terms and define them

conceptually and operationally

Develop the review of related literature

based on the prescribed format
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 We will talk about this
first.

01 Problem Identification and

Definition
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 What is a research problem?

• a statement about an area of concern

• a condition to be improved
• a difficulty to be eliminated
• a troubling question that exists in scholarly
literature, in theory, or in practice that points to
the need for meaningful understanding and
deliberate investigation
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 This is the FIRST
and MOST
IMPORTANT Problem
Identification and
step in the Definition
research process.
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 It tells you what Problem
Identification and
you intend to Definition
study.
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 For researchers

Questions for
Information gaps Difficulties they which they want
they wish to want to eliminate answers to
inquire about
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 For researchers

Theories they wish to Conditions they want to

validate improve
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 3 Sources of problem identification

Own experience or the experience of others

1 maybe a source of problem supply.

A second source could be scientific literature.

You may read about certain findings and notice
2 that a certain field was not covered.

Theories can be a 3rd source. Shortcomings in

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3 theories could be researched.

 When TIME
INTEREST &
MAGNITUDE
selecting a MOTIVATION
research
problem…

SAFETY &
FINANCIAL EXPERTISE
SECURITY
RESOURCES
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 A research problem must
be clear!
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 The MORE SPECIFIC and CLEAR your problem is,
the BETTER,

as everything that follows in the research process is

greatly influenced by the way
in which you formulate it.
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 A research problem must be ethical:

Should not pose any danger, embarrassment, hurt

or any risk to the participants.
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 A research problem must be ethical:

Information needed to answer the research

questions be collected without violating the rights
of the source/s of information.
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 A research problem must be ethical:

They should be informed about the purpose of the

study and be given the right to consent or refuse to
participate in the study.
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 The
Research
Title
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 Guidelines in formulating a research title

The title
of a The title
The title
research should Appropria
needs to be
is not a reflect the te terms
very
complete content of should be
sentence, specific in
the study used.
nature.
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it is
usually a
phrase.
 Guidelines in formulating a research title

The title Appropriate Should

needs to be terms should not
very be used. exceed 14
specific in words.
nature.
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 Guidelines in formulating a research title

Should Should be
not be interestingl
conclus y
ive or stimulating.
bias.
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 Guidelines in formulating a research title

Written as
The use of much as
word possible in
combinatio one line.
n and When more
acronym is than one line,
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it follows the
accepted
inverted
pyramid
 Background of the
Study Tell a story
tell a story
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 This part of the study discusses the current state or conditions of
the issue being investigated and support with literature

Global

National

Local
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 Background of the Study.

The gap in the literature that

needs to be identified is also
presented.

The rationale for conducting the

study and the usefulness of the
study is also discussed.
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 Research
Objectives
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 It refers to the It describes the the research
statements of aims or goals problem is the
purpose for which are initiating reason
which the expected to be for the study, the
investigation is attained at the research objective
to be conducted. end of research should be
process anchored or based
on it.
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 General Objective

a broad statement of purpose which used

abstract and non-measurable concepts.
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 Example:

This study is being conducted to determine the

influence of training to employees job
performance.
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 1. What is the profile of the participants in terms of:
a. age;
b. sex;
c. educational attainment;
d. position in the company; and
e. length of service in the current co.?
2. What is the extent of training of the participants in terms
of:
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 a. No. of trainings attended for the last 5 years;
b. nature of trainings attended (technical, mgl/supervisory,
technological,
c. Level of training (intl, national, local)
3. What is the level of job performance of the participants in
terms of:
a. Deliverables
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 Specific Objectives

statement of purpose which uses well-defined and measurable

concepts

the formulation of which should be based on a logical flow from

the general objective
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 Example
1. What is the influence of training on the work performance of
the employees when taken as a whole and when grouped
according to:
a) sex,
b) age, and
c) length of work experience?
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 2. What is the level of work performance of the
participants?

3. Is there a significant difference in the level of work

performance of the participants when they are grouped
according to their profile variables?
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 4. Is there a significant relationship between the
extent of training and the influence of training in the
work performance of the participants?
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 Objectives are either

Descripti Relation
ve al

describes
only requires a
does not hypothesis
require a
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hypothesis
Hypothesis
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 • There is no significant difference in the extent of training of the participants
when they are grouped according to their profile variables.
• There is no significant difference in the level of job performance of the
participants when they are grouped according to their profile variables.
• There is no significant relationship between the extent of training and the level
of job performance of the participants.
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 • It is a statement of what one expects to find; a statement to be proven.

• It is an initial answer to the research questions.

• It is an expected relationship between variables.

• It is a common sense statement.

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 Guidelines in Formulating Research Hypothesis

1. It should always be in declarative form.

2. The number of hypothesis depends on the number of research
objectives which are comparative and relational in nature.
3. There maybe objectives that need not have a hypothesis (descriptive in
nature).
4. It may be in null or alternative form.
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 Null hypothesis

• Statement of denial of relationship, difference or an effect

• Expressed in the negative form of the statement
• Hypothesis of no difference or no relationship
• It is testable and should be drawn directly from the specific problems.
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 Alternative Hypothesis

• The formal affirmative statement predicting a single research outcome.

• It serves as the real concern of the research study.
• This is what the investigation hopes to determine.
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 Theoretical Framework

• shapes the justification of the research problem/research

objectives in order to provide the legal basis for defining
its parameter
• identifies key concepts that are used in the study for
better understanding of the role of theory in research.
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 • discusses relevant theories based on a literature review.
• gives your research direction, allowing you to convincingly
interpret, explain and generalize from your findings
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Sample
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Sample
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 Conceptual Framework

Discusses the system of concepts, assumptions,

expectations, and beliefs that support the study.
A diagram identifying the key factors, concepts or variables
of the study.
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Sample
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 Scope and Limitation

the scope defines clearly the what, who, where and when of the study
and will not go beyond that.
Includes the following:
the coverage of the study

the subjects/ participants

the research issues and concerns

the duration of the study

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the constraints that have direct bearing on the results of the study
 Sample
This study aimed to assess the level of management gender-responsiveness and the extent of its influence
on the promotion of gender equality and economic performance in State Universities and Colleges (SUC's) in
Negros Occidental. The management gender-responsiveness was measured by addressing gender issues
such as human capital and decent work. On the other hand, the influence of management gender-
responsiveness on the promotion of gender equality utilized indicators like human development, economic
empowerment, voice and decision-making, and reduced vulnerability to risk and shock. Meanwhile, the
influence on economic performance used indicators such as improvement in income, reduced cost,
employment generation, and encouraged investment. Also, the challenges encountered by the administrators
in addressing gender issues were covered in this study.
Primary data used in the study were the responses of 33 administrators and 245 employees (faculty
and staff) of SUC’s in Negros Occidental using a researcher-made survey questionnaire. The study was
conducted from October 2019 to February 2020.
Based on the results of the study, a Gender and Development Strategic Plan was formulated.
This study was limited to financial data to support the analysis of the results of the study, specifically on the
effect of management responsiveness to gender issues on the economic performance of SUC's. One of the
reasons was the unavailability of the financial data because one (1) SUC was very busy preparing their
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financial reports, and the request would be accommodated after March 2020. On the other hand, the other
two (2) SUC's financial data were lumped that the specific amount attributed to GAD could not be determined.
 Significance of the Study

The investigator expresses the value of the problem to be undertaken.

It is where the significant contributions maybe viewed from the point

of the target beneficiaries.

Mention the sectors/individuals that will be benefited by the study

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 Sample
This study will provide benefits to the SUC's management, human resource practitioners, and
future researchers.

SUC's management. The findings will provide them valuable inputs in determining
HEI's gender-related conditions, locating and responding to gender gaps and needs, and
identifying appropriate interventions. Likewise, it can provide baseline data in formulating gender
policies and implementing programs, projects, and activities that promote gender equality in the
workplace, which may lead to improved employees' job performance and better economic
performance.

Human resource practitioners. This study can provide data in formulating

gender-responsive human resource policies, programs, systems, and procedures in recruitment,
selection, hiring, placement, promotion, compensation administration, training and development,
and retirement that are non-discriminatory to different genders.
Future researchers. This study can be a source of researchable problems and ideas that
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require further studies on gender and development.

 Definition of Terms – conceptual and operational definitions

The investigator expresses the value of the problem to be undertaken.

It is where the significant contributions maybe viewed from the point

of the target beneficiaries.

Mention the sectors/individuals that will be benefited by the study

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 Review of
Related
Literature
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 Organize according to the order of the concepts mentioned in your SOP

A review of related literature (RRL) is a detailed review of existing literature

related to the topic of a thesis or dissertation.

In an RRL, you talk about knowledge and findings from existing literature
relevant to your topic.

If you find gaps or conflicts in existing literature, you can also discuss these in
your review, and if applicable, how you plan to address these gaps or resolve
these conflicts through your study.
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 To undertake an RRL, therefore, you first need to identify relevant
literature. You can do this through various sources, online and
offline.

Discuss the resources by themes.

Ensure you are saving all applicable resources because you will need
to mention them in your paper.

When going through the resources, make notes and identify key
concepts of each resource to describe in the review.
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 DO NOT use wikis, encyclopedia and the like.

DO NOT summarize the findings. Get the salient points in the result
of the study that is related to what you are doing.

It is NOT a hodgepodge of the results from the different researches

conducted.

Your references should be 5 years old.

Paraphrase the sentences and cite author & date.

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