Filters

Filers clean and remove impunties from water that can

block empien Yona of lers are used mast commonly sond
disc and screen-type files
 Pipes
The pipeline channels water between points, such as from
the water source to the pump from the pump to the main
lines and from the mainlines to the crops. A wide range of
pipes is available and used on farms. For main and sub-main
lines u-PVC and steel pipes are normally used. In some older
installations, asbestos-cement pipes are sta in use. These
pipes are unsuitable where acid is introduced into the
irrigation water for fertigation purposes. Polyethylene pipe
(black plastic pipe) is mostly used for lateral lines, which is
the name of pipelines that deliver water to the crops
 Valves
Come a pipeline
Pressure control pressure
Valves control the flow of water by opening or closing.
thereby allowing water through or cutting it off, Various
types of valves are used.
• Gate and butterfly valves are used to open or close a
pipeline;

• Pressure control valves are used to regulate pressure and

flow rate;

• Non-return valves are used to prevent the reverse flow of

water when the pump is switched off:

• Air and Vaccum valves are used to expel air in the pipeline
and to prevent a vacuum from forming after a line is closed or
the pump is switched off
 Hydraulic: pressure control valve Air : and vaccum valve

Water: Type Non Return valve Butterfly valve

Gate valves
 Emmitters
Emitters are placed in lateral lines and apply wafer to
individual crops in a uniform and efficient manner.
Examples of emitters are micro- sprayers, drippers and
sprinklers.