CHAPTER 3

VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF

SPOKEN AND WRITTEN REGISTERS

Presented by: GROUP 2

LEADER: PRADO, ARABELLA GRACE T.
MEMBERS: SALADINO, KARYL
MATIAS, MA. CRISTEENE VELUZ, CARLO
RAMIREZ, JACKSON PARAGAS, SHAIRYL
TABLANG, ROY
 Contents

i. Types of language registers

ii. Culture sensitive communication
iii. Body language
iv. images
 Introduction
• Hello, Camille. How are you this morning?
• Hey, Cams. What’s up?
• How’s my little Cam-cam snuggly baby?

 Linguists called this language register.

Difference
Formality and Properness
 This is why a register is a language variation
defined by use, not by the user
 The same person may use more than one or
more register depending on the context or
social setting.
 Romaine 1994
The register is a variety of a
language that involves consideration
of the situation of use, the purpose,
subject-matter, and content of the
message, and the relationship
between participants.
 holmes 2012
When we produce a text, we are always
making choices, albeit subconsciously,
among different vocabularies,
grammatical patterns and various ways
of organizing or structuring the text. The
choices we make would depend on these
four factors that determine the register
of a text.
four factors by holmes 2012

Participants Setting

Topic Function
 four factors by holmes 2012

Participants Setting
The participants and The social context of
their relationship with the interaction
each other
Ex. workplace
ex. wife to husband, home
subordinate to a coffee shop
superior, friend to university
friend, mother to child
 four factors by holmes 2012

Topic Function
The subject matter The purpose of
communication
Ex. about school,
food, sports, ex. to inform
academic paper, to ask a question, to
business proposal ask a favor, to
reprimand
 body language
(zhi-peng, 2014)
 Body language is as much a part of our culture as our
verbal language. Despite not realizing it, we
communicate by much more than words when the
conversation takes place.
 By using facial expressions, gestures, and other body
movements, we send messages to those around us.
 Different cultures have different ways of making
nonverbal communication and different people have
different common rules of body language in different
cultures is very useful for us to understand each other
better.
 hand gestures (cotton, 2013)

a. OK sign b. Thumbs up gesture

c. V for victory or peace d. Open hand or

sign ’moutza’ gesture

e. Pointing with the

index finger
 a. The OK Sign

However, in Brazil, Germany,

The OK sign Russia and many other
means strong countries around the world,
approval or the OK sign is a very
offensive because it is used
goodness in North to depict a private bodily
America. orifice.
In Japan, it and it is commonly
means ‘money’. used to signify ‘zero’
or ‘worthless’ in
France
 b. The thumbs up gesture

The thumbs up However, if it is used in

gesture is commonly Australia, Greece, or the Middle
used in many East-mainly if it is thrust up as a
cultures to mean a distinctive hitchhiking sign
job well done. would be- it means ‘Up yours!’
or ‘Sit on this!’

The thumb up gesture In Germany and Hungary, the

can also create upright thumb is used to
dilemmas for those represent the number 1;
who count on their however, it represent the
fingers. number 5 in Japan.
 c. V for victory or peace sign
The V for victory or
peace sign was made
famous by Winston
Churchill in England
during WW11.
However, it’s important to
remember where you are in
the world because if you
make this gesture with your
palm facing inward in
Australia, the United
Kingdom, South Africa,
and several other countries
around the globe, it means
‘Up yours!’
 d. Open hand or ‘moutza’
gesture
The open hand or ‘moutza’ It is formed by opening your palm with
gesture is insulting in parts your fingers slightly apart and
of Africa and Asia, Greece, extending your arm toward someone,
Pakistan, and in several much like a wave in the US.
other countries.

This may seem harmless enough to

In other words, ‘Talk to the many Westerners, however, if
hand, because the face someone does it with a more abrupt
isn’t listening!’ arm extension, its meaning changes to,
‘Enough is enough’, or ‘Let me stop
you right there.’
 e. Pointing with index finger
Pointing with the
index finger at It is considered an insulting
something or someone gesture to do in China,
can be offensive in Japan, Indonesia, Latin
many cultures. America, and many other
countries.

In Europe, it is thought of and in many African nations, the

as impolite index finger is used only for
pointing at inanimate objects,
never at people.
Thank
You