Lesson today

Logical fallacies 逻辑谬误 ( 杠精逻辑 )

•To understand common logical fallacies
•To develop critical thinking skills
 以下杠精逻辑你能反驳吗？
1. 你行你上啊。
2. 要么给出本人亲自调查的证据，要么就是造谣！
3. - 谈了恋爱的人应该与其他异性保持一定的距离。
- 那还不许我跟别人讲话了？
4. - 这个大米不好，煮的稀饭不够黏。
- 502 黏，你怎么不去挖一勺？
 Examples from Trump
Watch the videos. Try to identify the logical fallacies involved
and then refute Trump’s arguments.
 Equivocation 偷换概念
https://weibo.com/tv/v/IFJKHkNtJ?fid=1034:44994
71958999047

Uses misleading terms of more than one meaning without

clarifying which definition is intended in the scenario.
 Ad hominem 诉诸人身
https://weibo.com/tv/v/IEap14roZ?fid=1034:4495
730820448272

Attacks the person making the argument, rather than the

argument itself.
 Red herring 无关转移
https://weibo.com/tv/v/J1yQaF5Wa?fid=1034:450
3722479517722

Focuses on arguing for an irrelevant topic with the intention of

distracting the audience.
 Hasty generalization 轻率概括
https://weibo.com/tv/v/J0FZO6dpp?fid=1034:4501
613235077145

Draws a conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative

evidence.
 Some other logical fallacies
Watch the video and match logical fallacies
with definitions.
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1iZ4y1p7gX?from
=search&seid=1879608491986243164
 10 common logical fallacies
1. Circular reasoning 循环论证
2. Hasty generalization 轻率概括
3. Slippery slope 滑坡谬误
4. Straw man 稻草人谬误
5. Ad hominem 诉诸人身
6. False dichotomy/ dilemma 虚假两难
7. Appeal to emotion 诉诸情感
8. Equivocation 偷换概念
9. Bandwagon appeal 诉诸公众
10. False analogy 不当类比
 Circular reasoning 循环论证
The argument is restated rather than proven.
 Slippery slope 滑坡谬误
A conclusion is based on the premise that one small step will
lead to a chain of events resulting in some significant event.
 Straw man 稻草人谬误
An opponent’s claim is distorted to make it easier to refute by
giving a rebuttal to a point that was not made.
 False dilemma 虚假两难
An argument presents two points while disregarding or
ignoring others in order to narrow the argument in one
person’s favor.
 Appeal to emotion 诉诸情感
Using emotion-based language to try to persuade the reader or
listener of a certain belief or position.
 Bandwagon appeal 诉诸公众
An appeal that presents the thoughts of a group of people in
order to persuade someone to think the same way.
 False analogy 不当类比
Claims comparison when differences outweigh similarities.
 Logical fallacies in ads
Watch the two advertisements and identify
the strategy (logical fallacy) used to persuade
the audience.

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ks4
11e77m?from=search&seid=1199771
3975008672211
 Post hoc? 事后归因谬误
Watch the video and summarize the key points in your own
words.

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1eJ411F7rm?
from=search&seid=6646639488209714759
 Research
Choose a logical fallacy from these websites
https://www.logicalfallacies.org
https://legacy.theskepticsguide.org/resources/logica
l-fallacies
and then prepare a 2-minute presentation in which you explain
it and provide your own examples.