“Meaning is a jumper

that you need to knit

yourself”
How intermolecular forces
affect properties of liquids
4 Pics 2 Words
 _____
________
 1.
Objectives
What will you expect to learn
 Objectives
✘ Understand Vapor Pressure
✘ Measuring Vapor Pressure using Ideal Gas
Equation,
✘ Calculating Vapor Pressure using Vapor Pressure
Data and Clausius-Clapeyron Equation.
Vapor Pressure
This Picture represents liquid-vapor equilibrium.
What is Vapor Pressure?
Vapor Pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in
dynamic equilibrium with its liquid.

What is Dynamic Equilibrium?

Dynamic equilibrium always implies that two opposing
processes are occurring simultaneously and at equal rates.
As a result, there is no net change with time once
equilibrium has been established
We can represent the liquid-vapor
equilibrium using an equation:
Liquids with high vapor pressures at room
temperature are said to be volatile, and
those with very low vapor pressures are
nonvolatile
Liquid Characteristi Temperature Vapor
Ex: cs Pressure
Acetone Volatile 25 231 mmHg

Dihydrogen Moderately 25 23.8 mmHg

Monoxide Volatile
Mercury Non Volatile 25 0.0018 mmHg
Liquids with high vapor pressures at room
temperature are said to be volatile, and
those with very low vapor pressures are
nonvolatile
Liquid Characteristi Temperature Vapor
Ex: cs Pressure
Acetone Volatile 25 231 mmHg

Dihydrogen Moderately 25 23.8 mmHg

Monoxide Volatile
Mercury Non Volatile 25 0.0018 mmHg
Factors that affect Vapor Pressure
✘The liquid itself
✘Temperature

Vapor pressure is independent of

amount of liquid and amount of vapor
 2.
Measuring Vapor Pressure
Using Ideal Gas Equation
Transpiration Method
- an inert gas is saturated with the vapor
under study. Then the ideal gas equation is
used to calculate the vapor pressure.
Example Problem 1:
A sample of 113 L of helium gas at 1360 and
prevailing barometric pressure is passed
through molten silver at the same
temperature. The gas becomes saturated with
silver vapor, and the liquid silver loses 0.120
g in mass. What is the vapor pressure of
liquid silver at 1360 ?
Example Problem 2:
Equilibrium is established between liquid
hexane, C6H14, and its vapor at 25. A
sample of the vapor is found to have a
density of 0.701 g/L. Calculate the vapor
pressure of hexane at 25, expressed in Torr.
(1 atm = 760 torr).
 Activity 1
Using the Ideal Gas Equation to
Calculate a Vapor Pressure
Problem 1:
The density of acetone vapor in
equilibrium with liquid acetone,
(CH3)2CO, at 32 is 0.876g/L. What is the
vapor pressure of acetone at 32 expressed
in kilopascals? (1 atm = 101325 Pa)
 2.
Measuring Vapor Pressure
Using Vapor Pressure Data
✘One use of vapor pressure data is in
calculations dealing with the collection
of gases over liquids, particularly water.
✘Another use is in predicting whether a
substance exists solely as a gas (vapor) or
as a liquid and vapor in equilibrium.
Example Problem 1:
As a result of a chemical reaction, 0.132 g
H20 is produced and maintained at a
temperature of 50.0 in a closed flask of 525
mL volume. Will the water be present as
liquid only, vapor only, or liquid and vapor
in equilibrium (Fig. 12-19)?
Example Problem 2:
If the reaction described in this example
resulted in H2O produced and maintained
at 80, would the water be present as vapor
only or as liquid and vapor in equilibrium?
Explain
 Activity 2
Making Predictions with Vapor
Pressure Data
Problem 1:
As a result of a chemical reaction, 1.3 g
H20 is produced and maintained at a
temperature of 75.0 in a closed flask of 600
mL volume. Will the water be present as
liquid only, vapor only, or liquid and vapor
in equilibrium (Fig. 12-19)?
 3.
Measuring Vapor Pressure
An Equation for Expressing Vapor Pressure Data
✘In text books we unlikely to find data
graphs and data tables(with exceptions of
few liquids such as water and mercury.
✘What we can find are mathematical
equations relating to vapor pressures
and temperature.
✘Equation below is a particularly common
form of vapor pressure equation. It
expresses the natural logarithm (ln) of
vapor pressure as a function of the
reciprocal of the Kelvin temperature
(1/T)
✘How can we use this?
✘How can we use this?
Convert it to become this:
Example Problem 1:
Calculate the vapor pressure of water at
35.0 using data from Tables 12.3 and 12.4.
Example Problem 2:
A handbook lists the vapor pressure of
methyl alcohol as 100 mmHg at 21.2 What
is its vapor pressure at 25.0 ?
 Activity 3
Applying the Clausius Clapeyron
Equation
Problem 1:
A handbook lists the normal boiling point
of isooctane, a gasoline component, as 99.2
and its enthalpy of vaporization as 35.76
KJ/mol C8H18. Calculate the vapor
pressure of isooctane at 25 °C.
 5.
Generalization and
Assessment
Lapit na gid mahuman
 Generalization
✘ Describe what you learn about our lesson today (2 –
3 sentences)
Assessment
A 10.0 g sample of liquid water is
sealed in a 1515 mL flask and allowed
to come to equilibrium with its vapor
at 27 . What is the mass of H20(g)
present when equilibrium is
established? Use vapor pressure data
from Table 12.4 (5 points).
 thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at
robindane.dalaguan@deped.gov.ph