GROUP 2

-Pronouns and possessives

- Articles
 Contents
Pronouns and possessives
8. Reflexive pronouns
9. (of/on) my own, by myself
10. something, anything, etc
11. one, ones, another, other
Articles
12. Definite and indefinite article
13. Use of articles with general meaning
14. Special uses of articles
 8. Reflexive pronouns
FORM:
Subject Object Reflexive pronoun
I Me Myself
She Her Herself
He Him Himself
You Your Yourself
It Its Itself
We Us Ourselves
They They Themselves
 USE
1, We use reflexive pronouns for actions we do to ourselves, not to someone else.
Compare: I hurt him (him = someone else) vs I hurt myself (Not I hurt me)
2, Come after V/Preposition:
- After Verbs, role as O (direct/indirect ): S + V + O (reflexive pronoun)
We introduced ourselves
S V O
- After preposition: usually at the end of the sentence after the preposition (to, for)
I bought a present for myself
⸰ by + reflexive pronoun = do something alone: I taught English by myself.

» Note: Some prepositions of place (next to, in front of, beside,...) do not use with reflexive pronouns.
 USE
3, Some verbs + reflexive pronoun => form an idioms/expression:
Idioms
- Make yourself at home ( Cứ tự nhiên như ở nhà)
- By oneself ( Tự thân vận động)
- Enjoy oneself (Hy vọng ai đó có thời gian vui vẻ)...
4, We use reflexive pronouns to emphasize the noun before it:
- We met the Queen herself!
- Taylor Swift herself sang the last song.

5, If the pronoun refers to the subject, it can come at the end of the sentence (to emphasize):
- I baked the cake myself (emphasize that I baked the cake with no help)
 USE
*Notice the different between (my)self and each other/one another:
-Compare:
+James and Susan love each other/one another. (It means James love Susan,
and Susan love James)
+James and Susan love themselves. (It means that both James love himself
and Susan lover herself)
 9. ( of/on) my own, by myself
1, We use (of) one own to show that something belong to someone and no one else:
Ex: We have our own house.
2, We also can use one own to show that we do something ourselves:
Ex: They look after their own pet.
3, On one own = by oneself = alone, with no one else there/ no one else helping:
My dad learnt cooking on his own/ by himself.
 10. something, anything, etc…

• Something, anything,... is one of the "indefinite pronouns." It is used to refer to a

person, thing, or idea that is not specifically identified.
People Things Places
Anyone Anything Anywhere
Someone Something Somewhere
Nobody Nothing Nowhere
Everybody/ Everything Everywhere
everyone
somebody/
everybody
 *The position of indefinite pronouns in a sentence:
- Subject
Ex: Something happened when I wasn’t here.
Everyone in the room is listening to the music.
- Object
Ex: Today, we can go anywhere you like.
- After preposition
Ex: Thank you for everything.
*Usage:
- We use somebody/someone, something, and
somewhere in affirmative sentences and in requests
or offers.
Ex: Can we go somewhere to talk?
- We use anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere, in
negative sentences and questions.
Ex: I can’t see anything.
*Usage:
- We use nobody/ no one, nothing and nowhere
with affirmative verbs.
Ex: I have nothing.
- Everybody/everyone, everything and everywhere
contain the meaning of all or every.
Ex: everything is changing.
 11. One, ones, another, other.

* "One," "ones," "another," and "other" are also indefinite pronouns.

11.1. One/ones
- "One" is often used as a pronoun to replace a person or thing.
- "Ones" is the plural version of "one" and is used when referring to multiple people
or things.
Ex: I like the black phone. The blue one is nice too.
The small books are interesting, but I prefer the big ones.
 11. One, ones, another, other.

* "One," "ones," "another," and "other" are also indefinite pronouns.

11.2. Another
- We use another+ singular noun/ one to mean “one more” or “a different one”
ex: I already ate a “banh mi”, I want another one.
- Another can be used as a pronoun.
Ex: I've used this pen, and now I need another.
 11. One, ones, another, other.

11.3.Other
- We can use other + singular pr plural noun/one/ones to talk about
diferrent people and thing that we’ve already mentioned.
Ex: She has some pictures on her phone, but the other ones are on
her laptop.
 11. One, ones, another, other.

11.3.Other
- “The others" means the last remaining. Used as pronouns that act as
the subject of a sentence and are followed by a verb.
Ex: I finished my part of the project, and now I'm waiting for the
others to complete their tasks.
* We can use other and another without a noun.
12.Definite and indefinite article

Articles are words that identify a noun as being

specific or unspecific : “a” , “an”, “the”

Articles have a similar function to adj because

they change or modify a noun.
1. Definite article
- “the” is called the definite article and it refers to
specific nouns or something is unique

- The definite article can be used with singular , plural or uncountable nouns
Ex: <The man’s hat is bule> or < Please pass me the red cup>

- We use “the” to refer to something that has been mentioned before

Ex : I bought a T-shirt and a Jacket. The T-shirt is bule and the jacket is
black
2. Indefinite article

- The indefinite article is used when a noun is non specific

or more general . It takes two from.
+ The word “an” when it precedes a word that begins
with a vowel.
+ the word “a” when it precedes a word that begins with
a consonant.
2. Indefinite article

- We use a/an + singular countable noun when we talk about

a thing or person but we do not say which thing or person
we mean .
Ex: <He is a doctor> or <they have a lovely flat>.
2. Indefinite article

- We use a/an to refer to someone/something that has not

been mentioned before.
Ex: A car stopped outside our house. A man got out and
went into a shop.
13. Use of articles with general meaning.

1.When we refer to people and things in general , we don’t use an article :

- Before plural nouns : Doctors often work very long hours
- Before uncountable nouns : Rice is good for you

2. We can also a + singular noun to refer to people and things in general : A doctor earns
more money than a teacher ( = all doctors, all teachers)
3. We sometimes use the to refer to people, animals or things in
general:
- With plural nationality words: the French, the America
- With adjectives: the pool, the rich, the unemployed
- With types of animals (+ singular noun): The whale is a mammal.
3. We sometimes use the to refer to people, animals or things in
general:
- With inventions (+ singular noun): Who invented the computer?
- With musical instruments: I play the piano
 14. Special uses of articles
1. We don’t use an article with the name of:
- People: Is Tim coming with us?
- Continents and most countries, cities, towns and states: London, New York,
California…
- Mountains and lakes: Mount Everest, Lake Victoria…
- Streets, squares and parks: Central Square, Hyde Park…( but: the High Street)
- Most shops and restaurants: KFC…
- Some magazines: Time
 14. Special uses of articles
2. We don’t use an article with:
- Games, sports, school subjects and languages: I like basketball…
- Meals: Have you had lunch yet?
- Some illnesses, especially serious ones: She’s got flu…
Question
Time