Concept

 ET is an intellectual process & practice that addresses the need of

learner
 Enable teachers to determine precisely the objectives of learning & to
achieve them
 It is a complex integrated process
 Problems connected with all aspects of learning are conceptualized,
analyzed, established & resolved through interactions
 It is a scientific process whereby human & material resources are used
to enhance efficiency in teaching – learning process
 Major combination of 2 phases:
(a). Technology in Education: use of audio-visual equipment that is
hardware in education
(b). Technology of Education: techniques and methodologies of teaching
and learning-Software
 Highlights the application of scientific knowledge about learning and
conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness of teaching, learning
and evaluation
Principles
 Build Community

 Encourage critical thinking

 Focus on all learners

 Value diversity

 Nurture all learners

 Pursue innovations

 Breakdown the walls

Significance

 Access to variety of resources

 Immediacy to information

 Any time learning

 Lifelong learning

 Collaborative learning

 Multimedia approach to learning

Approaches

Hardware Approach

Software Approach

System Approach
a. Hardware Approach
 It is based on the application of electronics & engineering principles
for developing electro-mechanical devices – motion pictures,
computers, etc
 Teachers are able to deal more students at a time
 Knowledge has 3 aspects:
 Preservation – in form of books, video tapes & films
 Transmission – transmission of knowledge from teachers to learners:
now-a-days could be done through online
 Development – this requires research: collection of data & its
analysis for new innovations
 b. Software Approach
 This uses the principle of psychology – for modifying the behavior
 Also termed as Behavioral Approach
 Selection of appropriate learning strategies & aids for children
 It develops 3 components
 Input – Entry behavior of learner
 Process – Teaching learning process
 Output – Terminal behavior of learner
c. System Approach
 System is a whole unit incorporating all aspects of education field –
learners, teachers, curriculum, instructional objectives, content &
evaluation
 Teaching learning process stands as a communication between the
components of a system
 Major Steps:
 Formulating instructional objectives
 Defining learner characteristics & requirements
 Selecting suitable learning experience for the learner
 Selecting appropriate teaching learning aids
 Implementing the programme
 Evaluating the outcome
 Revision of learning experience
 Multimedia Approach
 Use of multiple media for transaction of concepts and information to
make learning more effective
 Students are able to solve a problem by means of self-explorations,
collaborations & active participation
 Simulations, animated graphics, models, video & audio integrated in
structured manner
 Nature: Interactive
 Encourages & enhances peer learning
 Drill & practice – learning by doing
 Acquisition of computer skills
 Access for teachers & students at a distance
Multi-Sensory Approach
 Pioneers: Samuel Orton & Anna Gillingham
 Paves multiple pathways for information to reach brain
 Use of 5 senses
 Caters all types of learners – VAK
 Focuses on visual, auditory & kinesthetic learners
 Enhances better retention among learners
 Helps learners to analyze their style of learning
 Can be fit for Kids as well as students with learning disabilities