DESIGN CONSIDERATION ON

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

LEVELS OF SERVICE
 LEVEL 1
point water source which normally serves 15 to 20 households;

 LEVEL 2
water source, treatment, transmission, storage,
distribution and communal/neighborhood
faucets serving 4 to 8 households

 LEVEL 3
a system with a source, treatment, transmission,
storage, distribution, public faucets and
individual/household service connections.

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WATER SUPPLY COMPONENTS

 SOURCE FACILITIES
 Springs, deep wells, surface water
 TREATMENT FACILITIES
 Chlorinator, sand filter, complete water treatment plant
 TRANSMISSION LINE
 Pipeline from source to storage facilities
 STORAGE FACILITIES
 Raw water tank, clean water tank
 DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES
 Distribution mains, control valves, individual connections,
fire hydrants, booster pumps

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 Level I
Source Manual Distribution
Consumers personally transport the
water to their homes via buckets /
Well, spring, surface water, rainwater
jerrycans.
Individual Storage
Treatment
Water kept in “Banga”, plastic container
Treatment: boiling,
or disinfection container until use
chlorination
 Gravity
Level II Distribution Line
or Pump from Gravity feed
source to storage

Source Treatment Centralized Storage Piped Distribution

Well, spring, surface water, rainwater Chlorination Consumers collect water from tap stand
Water kept in tank at elevation
 Gravity
Level III Distribution Line
or Pump from Gravity feed
source to storage
Piped Distribution
Source Treatment Centralized Storage
Well, spring, surface water, rainwater Consumers have their own water
Chlorination
Water kept in tank at elevation connection
TYPICAL LAYOUT OF LEVEL II
 Typical Level II System Layout
(with Ground Reservoir)
Ground Reservoir
Spring Box

Transmission Main

Valve
Tap Stand

Distribution Lines
 Typical Level II System Layout
(with Elevated Storage Tank)
Elevated
Well Pump Storage
Tank

Transmission Main

Valve
Tap Stand

Distribution Pipes
TREATMENT FACILITIES
Facilities Commonly Used for
Treatment of Water Wells and
Springs
 Aerators (for oxidation of iron, and removal of
dissolved gases, tastes and odors)
 Filters (for removal of oxides, lime residue,
etc.)
 Chemical mixers (mainly for addition of lime
to adjust acidity)
 Chlorinators (for disinfection)
TRANSMISSION LINE
Sample Profile along Transmission
Pipelines
Intake Box

Pressure Breaker
Hydraulic Grade Line

Isolation Valve Air Release Valve

Reservoir

Isolation Valve
Blow Off Valve

Service Area
PIPELINE DESIGN:

In applying the design minimum requirements for the design of

pipeline, the following should be considered:
• It must be designed to handle the PHD of the service area
• The minimum Pressure at the end of the system (tap stand or
communal faucet) shall not be less than 2.0 meters
• The pipeline must be designed considering that the Maximum
Velocity in the pipe is 3m/s for main pipes and distribution
pipes.
• Ensure that there is no negative hydraulic gradient or negative
pressure in the pipelines.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The Water Distribution System
Other Hydraulic Considerations
 Friction loss in pipe (HWC)
 Hydraulic grade line
 Measuring flows/production
 Weir Box Method
 Orifice Plate Method
 Horizontal Free-Discharge
 Vertical Free Discharge
STORAGE FACILITIES
Purposes:

 Impound Water
 Store Water
 Equalize rates of flow
 Equalize pressure in the distribution
system
TYPES OF RESERVOIR

 By material (reinforced concrete or steel)

 By location/setting (ground or elevated)
 By function (fill & draw or floating)
ELEVATED STEEL GROUND LEVEL
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
FILL-AND-DRAW FLOATING-ON-THE-LINE
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
 Reservoir Design Procedure :

• Location of the Reservoir

• Calculate Reservoir Capacity

• Determine type of Reservoir

Pump Selection:

• Centrifugal Pumps , If TDH = < 6 meters

• Jet Pumps, If TDH = 6 to 20 meters

• Submersible Pumps, If TDH = > 20

meters

TDH is the sum of the depth of pumping

water level + maximum reservoir
elevation + friction losses
Typical
Deepwell
Pump to
Reservoir
Set up

PALMA PEREZ DEEPWELL

Pump selection

Centrifugal pumps for total dynamic

head (TDH) of 6 m or less
Jet pumps for 6 to 20 m TDH
Submersible pumps for TDH >20 m

Power (Kw) = 9.8 x (1/eff) x Q X TDH

Q = discharge (CMS)
TDH = total dynamic head (m)
eff = 60% to 80%

Power (HP) = Kw/0.746

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PUMP DESIGN:

• Pump size should be determined

by
 Well Yield
 Number of Operating Hours
 Fill and Draw or Float System
 Hydraulic Zones
 Delivery Pressures
Determination of Pump Discharge:

• If the pump is used directly to supply

water to the distribution system, the
capacity must be equal to PHD

• If the water distribution system has a

reservoir, the pump capacity must be
equal to MDD
Calculate Pump Capacity:

Power (Kw) = 9.8 x (1/eff) x Q x TDH

Pump Efficiency:
Power (HP) = Kw/0.746
 Centrifugal
Where: Pump:
30 – 60%
Q = Discharge (cms)
TDH = Total Dynamic Head (m)
 Jetmatic
eff = Pump Efficiency Pump:
20 – 30%

 Submersible
Pump:
50 – 60%
TYPICAL WELL DESIGN:
SELECTION OF CASING DIAMETER:

Maximum discharge rate for certain diameters

End of Session

Thank You