TOPIC 7.

8
CONCRETE
An artificial stone resulting from hardening of a
mixture of a binding material, fine aggregate, course
aggregate, and water in suitable proportion is called
concrete.
Preparation of different types of concrete
Material required in the preparation
of different types of concrete :

 Cement and lime are generally used as binding

material.

 Sand, surkhi, clinder used as fine aggregate.

 Crushed stones, broken bricks, slag pumice,

breeze, clinkers, are used as course aggregate.
 A good Portland cement or lime, clean sand, and strong course aggregates
are necessary for making a good concrete.

 The required strength of concrete can be obtained by :

• Careful selection of ingredients

• Correct grading of ingredients
• Accurate water measurement
• Good workmanship in mixing
• Transportation
• Placing
• Compaction and finishing
• Curing of concrete in the construction site.

 Concretes are usually named according to the binding material used in their
preparation.
 Various forms of concrete is being used in the construction field these days.

 When building strength and durability is prime important then cement

concrete is used.
 “ Plain, reinforced and pre-stressed cement
concretes are replaced other building materials very
fast because ,
• Better appearance,
• high crushing strength,
• More durability,
• Greater resistance to fire,
• Imperviousness,
• Quickness,
• Easy of monolithic construction,
• Long life,
• Less maintenance cost,