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A C T IC A
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L ¡Hola January 16,

R E S E A R C 2024
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 Lesson 3:
Qualitative
and
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 Qualitative Research is expressed in
words. It is used to understand concepts,
thoughts or experiences. This type of
research enables you to gather in-depth
insights on topics that are not well
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understood.
 Common qualitative methods include
interviews with open-ended questions,
observations described in words, and
literature reviews that explore concepts
and theories.
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 Quantitative research is expressed in
numbers and graphs. It is used to test or
confirm theories and assumptions. This
type of research can be used to establish
generalizable facts about a topic.
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 Common quantitative methods include
experiments, observations recorded
as numbers, and surveys with closed-
ended questions.
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 Lesson 4:
Description and
Importance of
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Qualitative
 Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Qualitative research is naturalistic -

A study to be conducted by the
researcher should be based on real-
life situations.
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 2. Qualitative research is purposeful- In
conducting a qualitative type of study, the researcher
should select the participants in a purposive manner,
that is, they will be selected because they either
have easy access to the information needed or
simply have the knowledge to provide a great deal of
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information needed to the study.

 3. Qualitative research is detailed-
It is important that the researcher should
capture the direct quotations of the
responses of the participant/s from the
conducted interview or observation.
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 4. Qualitative research requires engagement
and neutrality- Direct contact with the people,
situation, and phenomenon under investigation
should be established by
the researcher.
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 5. Qualitative research follows an inductive procedure.
As the researcher immerses himself/herself in the
phenomenon under investigation, specific details and data
will be gathered from the target participant/s. These data
then can be used to discover emerging patterns and
themes. Following an inductive procedure, the researcher
will start from exploring the phenomenon and will end to
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confirming findings of the works.

 6. Qualitative research is viewed in a
holistic perspective- it requires the researcher
to view the whole phenomenon under
investigation in a complex system, that is,
different variables can either cause or effect the
phenomenon.
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EXAMPLES
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 In quantitative research, you may survey
250 students at your school and ask them a
question, “On a scale from 1-5, how satisfied
are you with your studies?” Then, you can
perform statistical analysis on the data and
draw conclusions such as: “On average,
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students rated their studies 4.1”.

 In qualitative research, you may conduct in-depth interviews
with 15 students and ask them open-ended questions such
as: “How satisfied are you with your studies?”, “What is the
most positive aspect of your study program?”, and “What can be
done to improve the study program?” Based on their
answers, you can ask follow-up questions to clarify things.
Furthermore, you can transcribe all interviews and try to find
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patterns and commonalities.

 Strengths of
Qualitative
Research
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 1. Qualitative research complements quantitative
data- Interview and observation are the common
instruments used in the conduct of a qualitative
study. Such instruments can provide qualitative data that
can be utilized as a support for any quantitative data
appearing in a study, hence, a more reliable result
will be ensured
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 2. Qualitative research provides more detailed
information to explain complex issues.
Since this type of research study requires the
researcher to immerse himself/herself in the
phenomenon under investigation, direct experiences
can be acquired.
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 3. Qualitative research is cost efficient.
Small number of participants is usually
considered in qualitative research. Hence,
less resources will be needed to accomplish
the study.
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 Weaknesses
of Qualitative
Research
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 1. Qualitative research cannot generalize the
findings to the study population- The use of a
small number of participants in qualitative research
may result in limited responses. Thus, findings of
the study might not be possibly generalized to a
larger population.
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 2. Qualitative research is more difficult to
analyze- Unlike quantitative research which deals with
numeric data and can be interpreted through
statistical formula, qualitative research presents non-
numeric data which are all based on the subjective
responses of the participants. If data are not critically
analyzed and carefully interpreted, results may become
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biased and even less credible.

 3. Qualitative research is time consuming.
Though qualitative research utilizes a small
number of participants, this, however, demands the
researcher to spend more time in dealing and
engaging with them.
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 Kinds of
Qualitative
Research
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 1. Phenomenological. This kind of qualitative
research focuses on subjective lived experiences
of the participants in order to understand
phenomenon.
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 2. Ethnographic- To characterize behaviors,
cultures, challenges, and possible occurring
themes, the researcher is required to engage
himself/herself with the participants through
immersion in an extended period of time.
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 4. Case Study. It is a qualitative
research kind which allows the
researcher to have an intensive
analysis of the phenomenon.
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 5. Historical. This qualitative research
kind is concerned with the
identification, evaluation, and synthesis
of past event data.
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 6. Narrative. Life accounts of individuals based
on their personal experiences are typically
obtained and analyzed in the conduct of this kind
of qualitative research. The primary objective of
the study is to extract meaningful context based
on the documented experiences
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 Importance
of Qualitative
Research
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 The development in any fields such as in education, business,
medical and health allied services, etc. is made possible by means of
qualitative research.
For example, the researcher may study the experiences of
individuals and their access to health care by determining their
perspectives. These solicited responses reflecting their experiences,
attitudes, and circumstances may help the researcher to understand the
phenomenon, hence, suggestions for improvement and development
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can be sought.
 ACTIVITY: WHAT YOU CAN DO?

From the presented illustration of a community below, choose one

organization you perceived to be important in conducting qualitative
research. Then, explain how a qualitative research may help the
chosen organization. Your explanation will be graded based on the
rubric presented on the next page. Do this in Microsoft word and upload
your answer in a google drive provided by your teacher.
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