GROUP 2

What is Internet of Things(IoT)?

The term Internet of Things generally refers to

scenarios where network connectivity and computing
capability extends to objects, sensors and everyday items not
normally considered computers, allowing these devices to
generate, exchange and consume data with minimal human
intervention. There is, however, no single, universal
definition.
It is also referred to as Machine-to-Machine (M2M),
Skynet or Internet of Everything.
Components of IoT
Smart Systems and Internet of Things are
driven by a combination of:
1. Sensors
2. Connectivity
3. Processing
4. User Interface
 1) Sensors

• Sensorsare devices that collect or gather data from the

surroundings.
• These devices can include a wide range of sensors, actuators,
and other components that enable them to interact with the
physical world.
 2) Connectivity

• Connectivity refers to the ability of devices to connect to

each other, to the internet, or to a central system.
• Connectivityallows devices to share data, receive
commands, and collaborate within a network.
 3) Processing

• Processing in IoT involves the handling and analysis of data

collected by devices. It can occur at different levels:
Edge Computing: Processing data locally on the device
itself.
Cloud Computing: Uploading data to centralized cloud
servers for storage and more extensive analysis.
 4)User Interface

• User Intercation (UI) refer to the means by which users interact

with a computer, software application, or electronic device. UI
design is a crucial aspect of technology as it directly influences
the user experience.
Why IoT?
• Dynamic control of industry and daily life
• Improves the resource utilization ratio
• Integrating human society and physical
systems
• Flexible configuration
• Acts as technology integrator
• Universal inter-networking
How can IoT help?
1. IoT platforms can help organizations reduce
cost through improved process efficiency, assess
utilization and productivity.
2. The growth and convergence of data,
processes and things on the internet would make
such connections more relevant and important,
creating more opportunities for people, businesses
and industries.
 IoT Applications

• Nest Learning Thermostat

• Ring Doorbell
• August Home Smartlock
 Smart Thermostats
A smart home device wherein it control the
heating, ventilation and air conditioning system at
home.
 Ring Video Doorbell
The Ring Video Doorbell is
designed to enhance home
security and provide
homeowners with the ability to
monitor and interact with visitors
remotely.
 August Home Smart Lock

The August Smart Lock is

designed to convert a
traditional deadbolt lock into
a smart lock, allowing users
to control and monitor their
door lock remotely.
The extensive set of applications for IoT devices
is often divided into:

• Consumer;
• Commercial;
• Industrial; and
• Infrastructure Spaces
CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
A growing portion of IoT devices are created for
consumer use, including connected vehicles, home
automation, wearable technology, connected
health, and appliances with remote monitoring
capabilities.
 1) Smart Home

• Smart home consumer applications refer to software

programs and mobile apps that enable users to control
and monitor various aspects of their smart home devices.
These applications are designed to make it easy for
consumers to interact with and manage smart home
technologies from their smartphones or other devices.
 2) Elder Care

Consumer applications in elder care are software programs

or apps specifically designed to address the needs and
well-being of older individuals. These applications aim to
enhance the quality of life, health, and safety of seniors, as
well as facilitate communication and support between
seniors, their families, and caregivers.
ORGANISATIONAL APPLICATIONS
1) Medical and healthcare
The Internet of medical things (IoMT) is an
application of the IoT for medical and health related
purposes, data collection and analysis for research,
and monitoring.The IoMT has been referenced as
"Smart Healthcare", as the technology for creating
a digitized healthcare system, connecting available
medical resources and healthcare services.
2. Transportation
The IoT can assist in the integration of
communications, control, and information processing
across various transportation systems. Application of
the IoT extends to all aspects of transportation systems.
Dynamic interaction between these components of a
transport system enables inter- and intra-vehicular
communication, smart traffic control, smart parking,
electronic toll collection systems, logistics and fleet
management, vehicle control, safety, and road
assistance.
3. V2X Communications
In vehicular communication systems,
vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X),
consists of three main components: vehicle to
vehicle communication (V2V), vehicle to
infrastructure communication (V2I) and vehicle
to pedestrian communications (V2P). V2X is the
first step to autonomous driving and connected
road infrastructure.
 4. Building and home automation
IoT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical,
electrical and electronic systems used in various types of buildings (e.g.,
public and private, industrial, institutions, or residential) in home
automation and building automation systems. In this context, three main
areas are being covered in literature:
• The integration of the Internet with building energy management
systems in order to create energy efficient and IOT-driven "smart
buildings".
• The possible means of real-time monitoring for reducing energy
consumption and monitoring occupant behaviors.
• The integration of smart devices in the built environment and how
they might to know how to be used in future applications.
 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Also known as IIoT(Industrial Internet of

Things), industrial IoT devices acquire and
analyze data from connected equipment, (OT)
operational technology, locations and people.
Combined with operational technology (OT)
monitoring devices, IIoT helps regulate and
monitor industrial systems.
 1. Manufacturing

The IoT can realize the seamless integration of

various manufacturing devices equipped with
sensing, identification, processing, communication,
actuation, and networking capabilities. Based on
such a highly integrated smart cyber-physical space,
it opens the door to create whole new business and
market opportunities for manufacturing.
 2. Agriculture

There are numerous IoT applications in farming

such as collecting data on temperature, rainfall,
humidity, wind speed, pest infestation, and soil
content. This data can be used to automate farming
techniques, take informed decisions to improve
quality and quantity, minimize risk and waste, and
reduce effort required to manage crops.
INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS
Monitoring and controlling operations of
sustainable urban and rural infrastructures like
bridges, railway tracks and on- and offshore
wind-farms is a key application of the IoT. The
IoT infrastructure can be used for monitoring any
events or changes in structural conditions that can
compromise safety and increase risk.
1) Metropolitan Scale Deployments
There are several planned or ongoing large-scale
deployments of the IoT, to enable better management of
cities and systems. For example, Songdo, South Korea,
the first of its kind fully equipped and wired smart city,
is gradually being built, with approximately 70 percent
of the business district completed as of June 2018.
Much of the city is planned to be wired and automated,
with little or no human intervention.
2) Energy management

Significant numbers of energy-consuming

devices (e.g. lamps, household appliances,
motors, pumps, etc.) already integrate Internet
connectivity, which can allow them to
communicate with utilities not only to balance
power generation but also helps optimize the
energy consumption as a whole.
3) Environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring applications of the

IoT typically use sensors to assist in
environmental protection by monitoring air or
water quality, atmospheric or soil conditions, and
can even include areas like monitoring the
movements of wildlife and their habitats.
4) Living Lab

Living Lab integrates and combines

research and innovation process, establishing
within a public-private-peoplepartnership.
 MILITARY APPLICATIONS
The Internet of Military Things (IoMT) is the
application of IoT technologies in the military
domain for the purposes of reconnaissance,
surveillance, and other combat-related objectives. It
is heavily influenced by the future procspects of
warfare in an urban environment and involves the
use of sensors, munitions, vehicles, robots, human-
wearable biometrics, and other smart technology that
is relevant on the battlefield.
1) Internet of Battlefield Things
The Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) is a
project initiated and executed by the U.S. Army
Research Laboratory (ARL) that focuses on the basic
science related to IoT that enhance the capabilities of
Army soldiers. In 2017, ARL launched the Internet of
Battlefield Things Collaborative Research Alliance
(IoBT-CRA), establishing a working collaboration
between industry, university, and Army researchers to
advance the theoretical foundations of IoT technologies
and their applications to Army operations.
2) Ocean of Things
The Ocean of Things project is a DARPA-led
program designed to establish an Internet of Things
across large ocean areas for the purposes of collecting,
monitoring, and analyzing environmental and vessel
activity data. The project entails the deployment of
about 50,000 floats that house a passive sensor suite
that autonomously detect and track military and
commercial vessels as part of a cloud-based network.
 PRODUCT DIGITISATION
There are several applications of smart or active packaging in
which a QR code or NFC tag is affixed on a product or its
packaging. The tag itself is passive, however it contains a unique
identifier (typically a URL) which enables a user to access digital
content about the product via a smartphone. Strictly speaking, such
passive items are not part of the Internet of Thing but they can be
seen as enablers of digital interactions. The term "Internet of
Packaging" has been coined to describe applications in which
unique identifiers are used, to automate supply chains, and are
scanned on large scale by consumers to access digital content.
Challenges Faced by Internet of Things (IoT)
At present IoT is faced with many challenges,
like:
1. Scalability
2. Security
3. Technical Requirements
4. Technological Standardization
5. Software Complexity
 Solution to Challenges
• Overcoming compatibility issues is a significant IoT
hurdle, but emerging companies are starting to enable
increased interoperability through open-source development.
• Governments and industry bodies need to set standards
and regulations for the various industries to ensure that data
is not misused.
• IoT needs strong authentication methods, encrypted data
and a platform that can track irregularities on a network
What is Mobile Application?

• A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a

type of application software designed to run on a mobile
devices, such as a smartphone or tablet computer. Mobile
applications frequently serve to provide users with similar
services to those accessed on PCs. Apps are generally small,
individual software units with limited function. A mobile
application also may be known as an app, web app, online app,
iPhone app or smartphone app.
Mobile Applications
Component
 What is Mobile App Architecture?
Application architecture is a
set of technologies and models
for the development of fully-
structured mobile programs based
on industry and vendor-specific
standards. As you develop the
architecture of your app, you also
consider programs that work on
wireless devices such as
smartphones and tablets.
 1) Native Mobile Apps

Native mobile apps are applications specifically

designed and developed for a particular mobile
operating system (OS) using platform-specific
programming languages and tools. These apps are
optimized to run on a specific device or OS, taking
advantage of its features and capabilities.
Advantages Disadvantages

good user experience; higher costs in

comparison to other
types of mobile apps
high performance;
and,
puts no limits on app usage

accessible form app stores

 2) Hybrid Mobile Apps
Hybrid mobile apps are applications that
combine elements of both native and web
applications. These apps are developed using web
technologies such as HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript, but they are wrapped in a native
container, allowing them to be deployed and run
on multiple platforms like native apps.
Advantages Disadvantages

easy to develop since lack in speed, performance

code base ensures low- and overall optimization.
cost maintenance.
inability to look in the
same way on different
platforms.
 3) Web-Based Apps

Web-based apps, also known as web applications,

are software applications that run on web browsers
rather than being installed on a local device. These
applications are accessed through the internet and can
be used on various devices with a compatible web
browser, regardless of the operating system.
Advantages Disadvantages
the use of web applications
requires a minimum of with poor internet connection
device memory commonly results in very bad
user experience.
Users can access web
apps from any device access to not so many APIs,
that is connected to with exception of geolocation
the Internet. and several others.

a performance of web-based
apps is inextricably linked to
network connection and
browser work.
 Importance of Mobile Apps

Today, one of the greatest developments in technology is the invention of mobile applications. If you are
a smartphone user, you must be familiar with mobile apps, and you must have different kinds of apps on
your phone. One does not need any kind of professional training to use an app. Once you start using an
app, you'll automatically learn how to use it.
 1) Social Media Sites

A social media site is an online platform that

allows users to create profiles, connect with others,
and share content in various forms. These platforms
facilitate social interactions, enabling users to
communicate, collaborate, and engage with each other
through text, images, videos, and other multimedia
content.
 2) Ordering Food Online

If you're too lazy to go out and have some

delicious food, then online food apps have got your
back. In this modern world, where you have access
to almost everything on the tip of your fingers, you
can avail this minor facility as well.
 3) Taxi Services

Now, you don't need to go out and search for

yourself a taxi in the scorching heat. Because you've
got the facility of online taxi services. Just book your
taxi online, they will pick you up from your place and
leave you to your destination.
 4) Booking Tickets

With the help of apps, you can book the ticket for
buses, trains, and airplanes as well. You don't need to
stand and wait in long queues for your tickets to be
booked. So basically, you have to assign your fingers
some work and you can chill in your house.
 5) Entertainment

Everyone wants entertainment right! Well, just like

any other thing you can avail this facility as well on your
mobile phone. If you want to watch a movie, apps are
there to provide you that. If you want to watch an online
series, then also apps are there to help. You just need to
download the part app according to your choice and there
you go, ready to do some rock and roll into your boring
life.
Benefits of Mobile Apps
Convenience

Interactivity

Personalization

Productivity

Speed
1) Convenience

Convenience is one of the most critical

aspects of a mobile app. The app is there to make
things easier for the customer and not harder.
 2) Interactivity

Mobile apps have their own interfaces that

allow users to experience two-way immersive
experience.
 3) Personalization

Users love highly tailored content according

to their preferences. It’s like offering them a
tailored communication in the language they speak
and understand. User-centric personalization is
critical in making their experience delightful.
 4) Productivity

Mobile apps increase employee engagement.

Employees become more engaged when they're
able to use modern tools that make their jobs easier
and allow them to accomplish more.
 5) Speed

Mobile apps provide a much faster alternative than

mobile web browsing. Web browsing requires a user to
launch a web browser, enter a URL and wait for the site
to load, whereas it only takes a second to launch a
mobile app because the majority of the information is
stored in the application itself making it possible to
function offline.
Factors to Consider to Build Mobile
Apps
1) Multiple Platforms and Devices
Traditional desktop and laptop PCs are
Windows-based with a standard screen size,
features and form factor. The mobile landscape is
much more fragmented, with four main platforms
(Android, iOS, Windows Phone and
BlackBerry) that are continually evolving.
 2) Screen Sizes
Applications designed for a desktop or laptop
client work with a screen size that far exceeds that
of mobile devices. How to design for a device that
fits in your pocket requires simplification and a
rethink about navigation.
3) User Interaction

User interaction refers to the ways in which

users engage with a system, application, website,
or any digital interface. It encompasses the actions
and responses that occur as users navigate, input
information, and receive feedback.
4) Screen Density

Screen density, also known as pixel density or

dots per inch (DPI), refers to the number of pixels
that are packed into a given area on a display
screen. It is a measure of how crisp and clear the
images and text appear on a screen, with higher
screen density generally resulting in sharper and
more detailed visuals.
5) Integration with Phone Functions
Smart phones are sophisticated
communication devices. Making phone calls
is their most basic function. While mobile
platforms place many limitations on design
and content, they also open up new
opportunities that traditional desktops cannot
provide.
6) Limited CPU/Memory/Battery Resources

Mobile devices lack the computing power

and memory capacity of most desktop and
server systems. Developers need to write
algorithms and perform code optimization to
support the mobile device capacity.
Thankyou!!!