HIV/AIDS

MS.MUSKAN TIWARI
M.SC.NURSING LECTURER
 DEFINITION
• AIDS is a viral STD disease in
which virus affects the immune
functions.
• HIV weakens the immune system
leads to immune dysfunction.
 CAUSES
• Causative Agent:
• HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). It is a RNA virus .
• Incubation Period:
• 9 months to 20years.
• Predisposing Factors:
• Intravenous drug users
• Intercourse
• Male homosexuals
• Sexual relation with many partners
• Anal intercourse.
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Blood and blood product transmission.
• Transmission via fluids such as seminal fluid,
vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid and breast
milk.
• Sexual contact.
• Needle and syringe used by infected
individual.
• Barber's knives and tattoing.
 CLINICAL MENIFESTATION
• Cough and shortness of breath at rest.
• Fever and night sweat
• Unexplained weight loss
• Chronic diarrhea
• Unexplained fatigue
• Oral thrush
• Pruritis (itching) → Rash with reddish brown or bluish spot
• Insomnia
• Powerlessness
• Disturbed body image
• Spritual distress
• Swollen lymph node
• Disturbed thought process.
 DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History collection
• Physical examination
• ELISA test
• VDRL test
• Blood examination
• Wasting syndrome
• CD4+ T-cell count drops below 200 cells/ul
• Western blot test
• Viral load test (it measures plasma HIV level).
 MANAGEMENT
• Goals:
• To decrease viral load.
• To maintain or raise CD4+ T-cell
count.
• To delay in development of HIV
related symptoms.
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors(NRTIs):
• (a) Zidovudine (b) Dianosine
• (C) Stavudine (d) lamivudine
• (d) abacavir.
• Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors (NNRTIs):
• (a) Tenofovir (b) Truvada.
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Administer drug therapy Promote a healthy lifestyle
that includes a exposure to additional sexual and
blood borne d eases.
• Protect others from HIV.
• Maintain activity and productivity.
• Come to terms with issues related to disease, d ability
and death.
• Cope with frequent symptoms caused by HIV.
• Educate people regarding preventive measures of
AIDS.
 PREVENTION
• Increase safe sexual contact including use of condom.
• Decrease equipments sharing among intravenous drug
users.
• Make voluntary HIV testing as a routine part of health care.
• Increase assess to HIV testing facilities in traditional
healthcare centers.
• The HIV infected mother should be treated during
pregnancy to decrease the peri-natal transmission.
• Do not have sexual intercourse when under the influence of
alcohol or any drug that impairs decision making ability.
• Avoid direct contact with blood and other body fluids.
• HIV testing and counselling.
Precaution in the Care of Patients with AIDS

• Use disposable syringes and needles.

• Isolate the patient who is positive and very ill.
• Wear gown and gloves while handling positive
patient.
• Gloves should be worn when handling blood
specimen, body fluid, excreta and secretions.
• Avoid contact with open skin lesions with infected
materials.
• All articles used for the patient should be placed in a
container after use.
 Patient Educations
• Advise the patient to avoid anal intercourse be
cause it may cause injury to tissues.
• Advise the patient to avoid sharing needles,
razors, toothbrushes, sex toys and blood
contaminated articles.
• Advise the patient to always use of latex
condoms.
• Advise the patient to avoid ingest semen.