Plant Cell and Plant

Characteristics
LESSON 1
Share a trivia about
plants that you know.
300,000 Plant Types
 Branch of biology that
studies plants.
BOTANY

BOTANIST Scientists or biologist who

studies plants.
Botanist Specializations
Botanist

Dendrology Bryology

Simple Trees &

Mosses
Plants woody plant
What makes plants Unique?
Differentiate plant cell to animal cell.
 3 important feature that makes plant
different
Cell Wall Chloroplast Large Vacuole Totipotency

•Inflexible barrier • Capture Light •Temporary storage of •the ability of a single

Energy materials cell to develop into
•Provide support
an entire organism.
•Convert light energy
to chemical energy
Basic Characteristics of
Plant
TRY TO DEFINE THEM!
1. Multicellular
2. Eukaryotic
3. Photosynthetic, Autotrophs
 Cellulose
4. Cell Wall made of _________
5. Cell Plate
6 Stores
Starch
7. Tracheophytes
8. Bryophytes
 Vegetative Organs
❖Roots - anchors the plant in the
soil and absorb water and
nutrients from the surrounding
soil.
❖Stems - provide structural
support for the plant and
transport water and nutrients
❖Leaves - primary site of
photosynthesis
Reproductive Organs
Flowers - are the reproductive organs
of flowering plants
Fruits - they develop from the ovary of
a flower after fertilization and contain
seeds.
Cones - reproductive structures of
gymnosperms (non-flowering seed
plants), such as pine trees.
- produce seeds enclosed within the
cone scales.
Adaptation
❖ the adjustment or changes of an
organism to become more suited to an
environment.
❖ latin word “adaptare” means “to fit”
Plant Adaptation
❖is when a plant species develops special
features to improve its chances of survival.

❖adaptations evolve over a long time and

are inheritable.
Origin of Plants
Plants are thought to have evolved from an aquatic green alga (protist). Later, they evolved
important adaptations for land, including vascular tissues, seeds, and flowers. Each of these
major adaptations made plants better suited for life on dry land and much more successful.
Vascular Plants
Evolve
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
FIVE FORCES OF EVOLUTION

1. Genetic drift
2. Natural Selection
3. Mutation
4. Gene Flow
5. Non-random Mating
1. Cuticle
- a waxy layer evolved to help seal water in the plant and
prevent water loss.
- However, the cuticle also prevents gases from entering and
leaving the plant easily.
2. Stomata
- small pores (holes) in the leaves.
- to allow the plant to retain water and exchange gases.
- the stomata can open and close depending on weather conditions.
When it's hot and dry, the stomata close to keep water inside of the
plant. When the weather cools down, the stomata can open again to
let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
3. Vascular tissue
-specialized tissue that transports water, nutrients, and food in plants.
- The two vascular tissues are xylem and phloem.
- Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and nutrients from
the roots to the rest of the plant.
- contains Lignin a tough carbohydrate molecule that is hydrophobic
(“water fearing”). It adds support to vascular tissues in stems.
- Phloem carries the sugars made in the leaves to the parts of the plant
where they are needed.
4. Roots and root hairs
evolved from rhizoids, which nonvascular plants had used for
absorption.
- they absorb water and minerals from soil and carry them to leaves.
- they also anchor a plant in the soil.