SLIDES PREPARED BY Dr Thilagavathi K

PRESENTER Dr Thilagavathi K / Ms.Virgina

COLLEGE / CENTRE COHS
PROGRAM NURSING
SEMESTER Spring 2023 - 24

The role of Nurses in Women’s health

Trends and issues in Maternity Nursing
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Course Outcomes (From Course
Specifications)
A1. Explain the physiological and psychosocial processes of pregnancy, birth, puerperium and lactation.

B1. Apply appropriate assessment processes and care management to maternity, gynecological and newborn
clients utilizing the nursing process approach.

B2. Practice ethical principles while providing care to pregnant, parturient, postpartum, newborn and
gynecological clients while ensuring patient safety.

C1. Utilize critical thinking skills in assessment of clinical significance of events during Pregnancy and delivery.

C2. Integrate evidence-based in managing clients with maternity, gynecological conditions and care of the
newborn

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Introduction
• Women's health has been described as "a patchwork quilt with gaps".

• Many of the issues around women's health relate to their reproductive health, including
maternal and child health, genital health and breast health, and endocrine (hormonal)
health, including menstruation, birth control, and menopause.

• A broader understanding of women's health to include all aspects of the health of women
has been urged, replacing "Women's Health" with "The Health of Women“1.

MacEachron, Allison (July 2014). "Women's Health in the Post – 2015 World: Ensuring No One is Left
Behind" (PDF). BCUN News. Business Council for the United Nations.

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Role of Nurse in women’s health

• Adolescent health

• Sexual & Reproductive health

• Menopausal health

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Adolescent health
• Adolescence is considered a critical period of human development with associated rapid
physical, psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive development, as well as sexual and
reproductive maturation.
• Adolescents are more prone to develop anxiety, behavioral problems, and mental health
issues like depression.
Nurses role
• Nurses are expected to help increase access to and coverage of health services for
adolescents that are comprehensive, integrated, equitable, rights-based, gender-sensitive,
culturally sensitive, people-centered, and based on the primary health care approach.
Also serve as an educators, advocates, counselors and confidants in matters related to
their health
• Nurses being at the center of the health-care system and services play a significant role in
providing effective provide intensive education on the developmental processes of
adolescents, sexual and reproductive health as well as societal expectations during this
period. 5
Nurse’s role as Educators in sexual and reproductive health

• Nurses serve as educators in healthcare settings, facilitating patient understanding and

empowerment in various aspects of sexual and reproductive health.
• They engage with patients at different stages of life, presenting opportunities for
education and counseling on sexual and reproductive health topics. This role
encompasses addressing questions, disseminating information on contraceptive options,
explaining STI prevention, and promoting sexual wellness.
• Nurses not only offer clinical expertise but also employ their unique position as trusted
healthcare providers to foster dialogue on sensitive issues. Their approach extends
beyond merely dispensing facts; it emphasizes the importance of informed decision-
making, personal values, and autonomy.

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Nurse-Patient Communication in sexual & reproductive health

• Effective communication forms the cornerstone of sexual and reproductive health

education.
• Nurses excel in building rapport with patients, and creating an environment that
encourages open dialogue, free of judgment and stigma. This establishes a foundation of
trust and confidence, which is particularly crucial in discussions pertaining to sensitive
sexual and reproductive matters.
• Nurse-patient communication in sexual and reproductive health encompasses a range of
skills, including active listening, empathy, and non-verbal communication.

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3.Menopausal health
• Nurses should advise and inform women about the symptoms of the menopause.
• Nurses should all be able to recognize women with menopause and give education to maintain health into
longer life, regardless of symptoms.
• This can be general health advice, about reducing the risks of cardiovascular disease and decreasing the risks
of osteoporosis, by looking at diet and exercise and basic strategies such as decreasing alcohol and smoking.
• Nurses are often the best placed to give information on HRT alternatives and discuss the pros and cons of
each.
• The women should be encouraged to exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, discontinue smoking, and
maintain a healthy weight.
• Since menopause can also result in mood changes, a mental health nurse should offer counsel.
• Clinicians should ensure that women undergo a bone scan and eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
• In addition, nurses may initiate conversations with women who regarding the cervical screening

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 TRENDS AND ISSUES IN
MATERNITY NURSING CARE

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Trends and issues in maternity nursing care
 Technological advances
 Increased cost of high-technology  Early discharge
care  Role of fathers
 Changing patterns of child birth  Holistic nursing
 Prenatal risk factors  Genetics nurse
 Family centered care  Stem cell technology nurse
 Rising caesarean birth rates  Tele-Nursing
 Robot Nurse

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1.Technological Advances

• Today fetal monitoring has progressed from the use of

Fetoscope to electronic fetal monitor such as: Bellabeat Shell-
Bloomlife- Elvie
• Bellabeat's Shell app can be used on its own, for free, or with
Bellabeat's nifty accessory add-on.
• It works to amplify the sound of a baby's heartbeat when
pressed to the mother's body, as well as to let to record the
audio and even share it with friends and family via the app.
• No waves are sent into the mother's body, it's purely
capturing sound, so it's safe and is intended as a bonding
device rather than an alternative to regular appointments.
 Bloomlife
• Is a wearable pregnancy sensor for the pregnant
woman is not supposed to wear it the whole time
but for one, two, or three months of the third
trimester.
• It sticks onto the belly and measures the count and
timing of contractions (both Braxton Hicks and labor)
via electrical signals from the uterine muscle.
 Elvie
• Is a pelvic floor exercise device, an
'insertable' if the woman like.
• Providing all the benefits of
standardized kegel exercises.
• It has motion sensors that track the
muscle movements during the exercises
and tell the user that they are doing the
exercises correctly.

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2. Increased Cost of High-Tech Birth

• As the high and sophisticated technology is being introduced into

today’s world, the costs are also increasing. Obstetric care is

becoming a business for the care providers.

▶ Short and long-term costs among women experiencing preterm labor or preterm
birth: the German experience ▶ BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth201818:284

▶https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018- 1912-0©The Author(s). 2018

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3. Changing patterns of childbirth
• The birth spacing program was established in 1994 as an integral part of the
Maternal and Child Health Services in the Ministry of Health, Oman. The
main objective of the programme is to improve the survival and well-being of
women and children and to allow women to space births by 3 or more years.
This is emphasized in the Polyclinic and in all health centre hence mother are
now aware about have spacing.
• However, Early marriage, consanguineous marriage practices still continue,
and the older and younger mothers face increased risks of complications
during pregnancy, such as preterm delivery, and low birth weight.

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4.Prenatal risk factors

The problems of society are reflected in risks:

• Among them are AIDS in mothers and newborns.
• LBW accounts for 30-40% of live births in developing countries.

• In addition to maternal age, risk factors of LBW include mother’s

medical history, past pregnancy, socioeconomic status and prenatal
care.

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5.Family centered care

• Maternity care today has enhanced to family centered care. Family

centered approach is a basic unit of society that fosters family unity.
Integration and bonding takes high priority and much anticipatory
counselling is offered.

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 6.Rising caesarean birth rates

According to the WHO, c.s rates below 10% indicate underuse of this life-saving
procedures, while rates above 15% are deemed to show overuse

7.Early discharge

▶Over the years now, health care personnel have realized that early return
to normal activities is the best course for uncomplicated births.
▶ Hospital stays are costly; early hospital discharge for mothers and their
newborns helps administrators control or reduce obstetrical care
expenditures.
 8.Role of fathers

▶ With increased societal emphasis on shared parenting and the recognition of

parental bonding, many fathers are active in care giving and enjoy the

closeness it brings.

▶ Research shows that who have the support of a father during labor require

less pain relief and feel more positive about the birth.
Role of fathers
 9.Holistic Nursing

▶ Today, holistic nurses are integrating their approach with modern methodologies to

enhance their overall level of woman care.

▶ Many holistic nurses are also specializing in complementary or alternative

approaches such as the use of natural products and mind/body practices

including Yoga, acupressure, osteopathic manipulation, meditation and deep

breathing.
10.Current Trends in Nursing roles

• Genetic Nurse: due to continuing advancements in the study of genetics,

nurses with specialized training in genetics will be great demand as
sequencing technology becomes prevalent.

• Stem Cell Technology Nurse: nurses with specialized training in

stem
▶ cell technology will be in great demand in care facilities as opposed to
their current limitation to research facilities.
11. Robots to Assist ,Not Replaced
• There are research projects worldwide
developing a variety of applications for the
integration of robots into the healthcare
setting
• For example, in Japan, a robot has been
developed as an assistant to lift and move
patients from bed to wheelchairs and
reduce debilitating lifting injuries.
• Another robot is an automated Triage nurse,
capable of taking a patient's vitals, updating
medical records, and medical history
https://news.mit.edu/2016/robot-helps-nurses-schedule-tasks-on-labor-floor-0713

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12. INTEGRATING TELE-NURSING INTO HOME CARE NURSING
SERVICES

• Telehealth integration into home care increases image visibility, stability, and
sustainability with the importance of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in Home Care Nursing Practices and healthcare.

Flow chart of Tele Nursing

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Effect of Tele-nursing Services on Healthy Lifestyle and Self-Efficacy among Gestational Diabetes
Women

Results: There were statically significant differences between

both groups regarding the health promotion lifestyle profile as
well as self efficacy scores at 32 and 37 weeks of gestation. The
mean level of fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in
the study group than the control group at 37 weeks of
gestation. Meanwhile the mean level of postprandial blood
glucose was significantly lower than the control group at 32 and
37 weeks of gestation (p<0.05). As well as, the mothers who
received the telephone support achieved increased numbers of
attendances to the antenatal center for follow up. In addition,
the satisfaction level was high among the mothers
who received the telephone support than those in the control
group.

https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Effect
%20of%20Tele-nursing-609.pdf
References
• MacEachron, Allison (July 2014). "Women's Health in the Post – 2015 World: Ensuring No One is Left
Behind" (PDF). BCUN News. Business Council for the United Nations.
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330702248_New_Trends_in_Maternity_Nursing_Care_Eman_El-
Hosary_AssProf_of_Maternal_and_Newborn_Health_Nursing?enrichId=rgreq-a773488081bb2f2a1a2bd6b
049408f22-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMzMDcwMjI0ODtBUzo3MjAzMTgzODk4Mjk2MzdAMTU0
ODc0ODY5NTU5OQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_3&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
• https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Effect%20of%20Tele-nursing-609.pdf
• https://news.mit.edu/2016/robot-helps-nurses-schedule-tasks-on-labor-floor-0713
• https://journals.lww.com/jinm/fulltext/2023/05010/adolescent_health_issues__the_role_of_publich.10.aspx
• https://download.cnet.com/bellabeat-shell-pregnancy-app/3000-2129_4-78240011.htm
• https://www.emro.who.int/omn/oman-news/review-of-the-birthspacing-programme.html#:~:text=The%20birth%20spacing%20programme%20was,by%2
03%20or%20more%20years
.

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Thank You
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