T – TEST

DEPENDENT
SAMPLE

JEMIMA M. TUBU
 Dependent Sample T - Test
The Dependent Sample t–test (also called the paired t-test or paired
samples t-test compares the means of two related groups to determine
whether there is a statistically significant difference between these means.
T – Test formula
DECISION RULE
 If the computed t-value < t-critical value at (df = n-1) and level of
significance, Accept Ho: and

 If the computed t-value > t-critical value at (df = n-1) and level of
significance, Reject Ha.
t Table
ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE T- TEST
DEPENDENT
 Your dependent variable should be measures on a continuous scale (Interval /
ratio).
 Related Samples/group.
This means that the subject in the first group are also in the second group.
 Level of measurements.
No significant outliers in the two groups.
 Normality
The distribution of the difference in the dependent variable between the two
related groups be approximately normally distributed.
Dependent vs, Independent t-test
 DEPENDENT T-TEST
 Same people are tested at two different occasions.
 For example, One sample of subjects is measure twice under two different
conditions (before and after receiving a drug).
 Equivalent of Wilcoxon signed Rank Test (Non-Parametric)

 INDEPENDENT T-TEST
 Two different groups of people are tested at one occasion.
 For example, you are interested in comparing the anxiety level between male
and female.
 Equivalent of Mann-Whitney U-test (Non-Parametric Test)