Automotive Batteries

Automotive Batteries
 WHAT AND AUTOMTIVE BATTERY DOES
 A battery supplies power to the starter and
ignition system to start the engine.
 A battery also supplies the extra power
necessary when the vehicle's electrical load
exceeds the supply from the charging system.
Automotive Batteries
 Automotive batteries acts as a voltage
stabilizer in the electrical system.
 An automotive battery converts chemical
energy into electrical energy
 An automotive battery evens out voltage
spikes and prevents them from damaging
other components in the electrical system
Automotive Batteries
 What the standby battery does:

 Supplies electrical power to critical systems in

the event of a power outage.
 Acts as a voltage stabilizer, to smooth out
fluctuations in the electrical generation
systems.
 Temporarily holds large electrical loads as
electric utilities switch from one generation
system to another.
How a Battery is Made

How a Battery is
Made

 Batteries are made of

five basic components:
 1. A resilient Plastic
container.
 2. Positive and
negative internal
plates made of lead.
How a Battery is Made
 3. Plate separators
made of porous
synthetic material.
 4. Electrolyte, a dilute
solution of sulfuric acid
and water better known
as battery acid.
 5. Lead terminals, the
connection point
between the battery and
whatever it powers.
How a Battery is Made
 Most automotive battery
containers and their
covers are made of
polypropylene.
 A typical 12-volt car
battery, case is divided
into six sections, or
cells
How a Battery is Made
 A battery must have
positive and negative
plates to conduct a
charge.
 Grids or plates are
made from lead or an
alloy of lead and other
metals.
How a Battery is Made
 A mixture of lead oxide -- which is powdered
lead, sulfuric acid and water is applied to the
grids
 Expander material made of powdered
sulfates is added to the paste to produce
negative plates
 The expander material is not added to the
positive plates.
How a Battery is Made
 Pasted positive and
negative plates must be
separated to prevent
short circuits.
 Separators are thin
sheets of porous,
insulating material used
as spacers between the
positive and negative
plates.
How a Battery is Made
 Fine pores in the
separators allow
electrical current to flow
between the plates
while preventing short
circuits.
How a Battery is Made
 A positive plate is paired
with a negative plate and a
separator to make an
element
 There is one element per
battery cell
 Elements are dropped into
the cells in the battery case
 The cells are connected
with a metal that conducts
electricity.
How a Battery is Made
 The lead terminals, or
posts, are welded on.
 The battery is then filled
with electrolyte - or
battery acid -- a mixture
of sulfuric acid and
water, and the cover is
attached.
How a Battery is Made
 After a battery is made its is
 Checked for leaks.
 Charged for several hours.
 Labels added
Battery Quiz
1. What supplies power to the ignition and the
starting system
 A. Starter motor
 B. Battery
 C. Alternator
 D. None of the above
Battery Quiz
2. What component acts as a voltage stabilizer
in the electrical system?
 1. Voltage regulator
 2. Current regulator
 3. Battery
 4. Alternator
Battery Quiz
3. How many cell is in an automotive battery
 A. 12
 B. 6.
 C. 4
 D. 2
Battery Quiz
4. Each cell of an automotive battery will supply
how many volts?
 A. 2
 B. 4
 C. 10
 D. 12
Battery Quiz
5. A mixture of sulfuric acid and water is called:
 A. Battery liquid
 B. Battery activator
 C. Electrical charge
 D. Electrolyte
Battery Quiz
6. There is how many elements element per
battery cell?
 A. 1
 B. 2
 C. 4
 D. 6
Battery Quiz
7. A battery must have ______________ to
conduct electricity.
 A. Negative plates only
 B. Positive plates only
 C. Positive and Neutral plates
 D. Positive and Negative plates
Battery Quiz
8. Most automotive battery containers and their
covers are made of:
 A. Steel
 B. Wood
 C. Soft plastic
 D. polypropylene
Battery Quiz
9. After a battery is made its is:
 A. Charged for several hours
 B. Check for leaks
 C. Has labels added
 D. All the above
Battery Quiz
10. A _________ supplies the extra power
necessary when the vehicle's electrical load
exceeds the supply from the charging system.
 A. Alternator
 B. Starter
 C. Fuel cell
 D. Battery
Battery Operation
 A battery convert chemical energy into
electrical energy
 When an atom loses and electron it
become a positively charge Ion
 When am atom gains an electron it become a
negatively charge ion.
 Battery produce Voltage and Amperage.
 Voltage is defined and electrical pressure
 Amperage is defined as electron flow from
one atom to another.
Battery Operation
 When you have and abundance of negatively
charge ions and a abundance of positively
charged ions connected together in an
electrical circuit current will begin to flow.
 The larger the difference between the positive
ions and the negative ions the greater the
voltage or electrical pressure difference.
 The greater the flow electrons from one atom
to another the greater the current flow
Battery Operation
 Battery have two different ratings.
 1. Cold cranking amperage (CCA): Is the
ability of a battery to maintain 7.3 volts for 30
seconds at 0 degrees F
 2. Reserve Capacity (RC): Is the ability of a
battery to supply 10.5 volts at 25 amps at 80
degrees F.
Battery Operation
 A battery stores electricity for future use.
 A battery develops voltage from the chemical
reaction produced when two unlike materials,
such as the positive and negative plates, are
immersed in electrolyte, a solution of
sulfuric acid and water.
 In a typical lead-acid battery, the voltage is
approximately 2 volts per cell, for a total of 12
volts.
Battery Operation
 Electricity flows from the battery as soon as
there is a circuit between the positive and
negative terminals. This happens when any
load that needs electricity, such as the radio,
is connected to the battery.
Battery Operation
Battery Operation
 When a battery is discharge the plates have
the same amount of electrical charge.
 As a battery discharges, the lead plates
become more chemically alike, the acid
becomes weaker and less voltage is
produced.
Battery Operation
 You can recharge a discharged battery by
feeding electrical current back into the
battery.
 A full charge restores the chemical difference
between the plates and leaves the battery
ready to deliver its full power.
Battery Operation
Batteries
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Specific gravity means exact weight.
 A "Hydrometer" or a "Refractometer"
compares the exact weight of electrolyte with
that of water.
 Strong electrolyte in a charged battery is
heavier than weak electrolyte in a discharged
battery.
 By weight, the electrolyte in a fully charged
battery is about 36% acid and 64% water.
Batteries
 The specific gravity of water is 1.000.
 Acid is 1.835 times heavier than water, so its
specific gravity is 1.835.
 The electrolyte mixture of water and acid has
a specific gravity of 1.270, usually stated as
"twelve and seventy."
Battery Operation
 This unique process of discharging and
charging in the lead-acid battery means that
energy can be discharged and restored over
and over again.
 This is what's known as the cycling ability in a
battery.
Battery Quiz
1. You can recharge a discharged battery by:
 A. Turning the headlights on
 B. Replacing the electricity that has been
removed
 C. Removing the positive battery cable
 D. Replacing the Negative battery cable
Battery Quiz
2. Technician A says a fully charge battery
should have a specific gravity of:
 A. 1.130
 B. 1.220
 C. 1.260
 D. 1.270
Battery Quiz
3. What tool is used to measure battery specific
gravity?
 A. Milometer
 B. Micrometer
 C. Kilometer
 D. Hydrometer
Battery Quiz
4. Electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric acid
and _____________ :
 A. Hydrogen
 B. Carbon
 C. Sulfuric carbon
 D. Water
Battery Quiz
5. This unique process of discharging and
charging a lead-acid battery is called:
 A. Discharging
 B. Cycling
 C. Overcharging
 D. None of the above
Batteries
Battery are rated in both cold cranking amps
and reserve capacity.
Cold Cranking Amps is the amount of
amperage a battery can supply at 0 Degrees
while maintaining 9.6 volts for 30 seconds
Reserve capacity: The amount of time a
battery can supply 10 volts at 25 amps when
not being charged
Batteries
 When a battery becomes discharged it must
be recharged.
 A battery can be charged by the vehicle
alternators or by an external battery charger
 When connecting or disconnecting a battery
charger care should be taken not to create a
spark.
Batteries
 When connecting or disconnecting a battery
charger care should be taken not to create a
spark.
 Hydrogen and oxygen can explode
 Spark will cause a battery to explode
 The gasses created during charging are
explosive
Batteries
 When charging a battery always connect the
positive cable first and the negative cable last
 When removing battery cables disconnect the
Negative cable first and the Positive cable
last.
 Most automotive manufactures
recommend disconnecting a battery
before its recharged.