Seed treatment

• To keep the seeds free from pathogens, fungicides like captan, thiram or
carbendazim are applied @ 2.5−3 g/kg seed, and mixed thoroughly in the seeds to
disinfect the surface of the entire seed lot.
• Seed treatments for breaking seed dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling
growth.
• Stratification: is a method of handling dormant seed in which the imbibed seeds are
subjected to a period of chilling to after ripen the embryo in alternate layers of sand
or soil for a specific period. It is also known as moist chilling.
• Open field stratification :
•Seeds with a hard endocarp, such as Prunus spp. (the stone fruit including cherry, plum
and peaches) show increased germination if planted early enough in the summer or fall
to provide one to two months of warm temperature prior to the onset of chilling.
 MEDIA PREPARATION

• Soil can be prepared to fine tilth, add sufficient quantity of rotted FYM, vermin-manure
at least 10-15 days earlier of seed sowing.
• The bed may be treated with 1% Bordeaux or 0.1% Bavistin before sowing of seeds.
Seedlings from seed beds are removed and transplanted in the nursery beds.

NURSERY TECHNIQUES
1. Establishment of nursery
2. Management of nursery
3. Cost of development of ornamental nursery
4.Pro tray Technique

PROPOGATION OF PLANTS IN NURSERY

• Methods of propagation: Plants may be raised from seeds or by vegetative

propagation. Some important aspects of propagation are summarized below along
with examples of fruit crops:
1.Raising from seeds
2.Vegetative Propagation
3.Tissue culture
 NURSERY STRUCTURES
• Open field nursery
• Hi-tech nursery
• Shade-net
• Poly-tunnel
• Greenhouse or poly-house

NURSERY TOOLS& IMPLEMENTS

• Tools for land preparation and other basic works

1. Kudali
2. Garden fork
3. Weeding fork
4. Crow bar
 GROWTH REGULATORS

• Type of plant bio-regulators

• (i) Auxins : IAA; IBA; NAA; 2, 4D; 2, 4, 5T
• (ii) Gibberellins : GA 3
• (iii) Cytokinins : Kinetin, aminopurine
• (iv) Ethylene : Ethrel (Ethephon)
• (v) Inhibitors : Melic hydrazide (MH), ABA, 2, 3, 5 Triiodobenzoic acid
(TIBA)
• (vi) Retardants : Cycocel Chlormequat Chloride (CCC), alar, phosphon-
D, B−Nine, etc.

PROPAGATION THROUGH SPECIALIZED ORGANS :-

• The Specialized plant organs are those plant parts which have used for storage of reserves
and reproduction purposes. They reproduce by dividing and separating the organs from
their mother plants and will have propagated to produce new clonal plants.

• This method is commonly used for different economically important horticultural plants
like Irish potato that reproduced by tuber, sweet potato by slips and/or vine cuttings,
Ginger by Rhizome, Onion and Garlic by bulb and bulbils and Strawberry by
runner.
• After seed sowing in nursery beds,
cover with straw mulch .
• Daily watering is needed after applying
a mulch.
• Remove mulch 3 days after
germination.
• Some examples for mulch required
vegetables like chilli , egg plant,
cabbage, big onion….etc.
• Some field crops should be watered early in
the morning
Eg:- Big onion.
• If it is not practiced properly, tip burning
may occur.
• Water quality is important for healthy plant
development .
• Saline water should be avoided unless there
are salinity tolerant crop