Banking System &

Fractions,Decimals,
Precentage,
Measurement and
Conversions
Group 1 Presentation
WHAT IS
BANK?
History of Banking

1 2 3 4 5

Issuance of Private Rise of Central Fractional Reserve

Goldsmith’s Loose Banking Era
Bank Notes Banks System
 THE GOLDSMITHS
Goldsmiths(gem dealer/keeper)

Valuable commodities will be left by the

owners at the goldsmiths’ vault and pay the
goldsmith for the rent for protecting the
commodities from the thief.

The birth of the first major function of

modern day banking which is Deposit.
Deposits are far in excess of
withdrawals.

Leads to second major function of bank

which is Lending.
Loose Banking Era
.

Era of unregulated banks.

Anyone who wanted to could set up

a bank and enter the business.

Continued until 1600s.

 Issuance of Bank Notes
Carrying large amounts of gold over long
distances was not safe as well as inconvenient.

The birth of bank notes.

This was the beginning of what we today refer

to as “fiat money”.

Publishing of special book that would specify

authenticity and value of different bank notes to
give assurance to those who will accept it as
payments.
The Rise of Central Banks
Many fly-by-night banks came into
existence during this period.

“Wildcat Banks”

Central Bank came to existence.

-to control the money supply for the
purpose of promoting economic
stability.

Licenses became a requirement

for banking business.
Fractional Reserve System (FRS)

Bankers only need a

fraction of the funds on
deposit.
 BANGKO SENTRAL
NG PILIPINAS

Objectives: to maintain price stability conducive to a balance and

sustainable economic growth. The BSP also aims to promote and
preserve monetary stability and the convertibility of the national
currency.

Responsibilities: The BSP provides policy directions in the areas

of money, banking and credit. It supervises operations of banks and
exercises regulatory power over non-bank financial institutions
with quasi-banking functions.
 Functions of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Liquidity Currency Lender of Financial

Management issue Last Resort Supervision
The BSP formulates All note and coins The BSP supervises
monetary policy in issued by the BSP The BSP extends banks and exercises
order to maintain price are fully guaranteed discounts, loans and regulatory powers
stability by the Government advances to banking over non-bank
and considered legal institutions for liquidity institutions performing
tender for all private purposes. quasi-banking
and public debts. functions.
Functions of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Management Determination Other

of foreign of exchange Activities
currency rate policy The BSP functions
as the banker,
reserves The BSP adheres to a financial advisor and
market-oriented official depository of
foreign exchange rate the Government, its
The BSP seeks to
policy such that the subdivisions and
maintain sufficient
role of BSP is instrumentalities and
international reserves
principally to ensure government-owned-
in order to preserve
orderly conditions in controlled
the international
the market. corporations.
stability and
convertibility of the
Philippine Peso
“CLASSIFICATIONS
OF BANK”
UNIVERSAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANK

Universal banks have the same powers and functions as with commercial banks. This is
a type of bank where it provides a wide variety o comprehensive financial services
including those tailored to retail commercial and investment services. While commercial
banks may also invest in allied enterprises; purchase, hold or convey real estate.
 THRIFT BANK
The thrift banking system is composed
of savings and mortgage banks, private
development banks, stock savings and
loan associations and microfinance
thrift banks.

Thrift banks are composed of (a)

savings and mortgage banks, (b)
stock savings and loan associations,
and (c) private development banks.
RURAL BANK COOPERATIVE BANK

Rural and cooperative banks are the more popular type of banks in the rural
communities. Their role is to promote and expand the rural economy in an
orderly and effective manner by providing the people in the rural communities with
basic financial services.
DIFFERENT TYPES
OF BANK
ACCOUNTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1.) SAVINGS ACCOUNT

This type of bank is appropriate with children ,

teenagers, and young professionals who do not
have huge amount of savings and stable income.

a.) Savings account vs. Payroll Account

b.) ATM vs. Passbook Savings Account

2.) CHECKING ACCOUNT 3.) TIME DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
4.) FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNTS

5.) JOINT ACCOUNT

Services offered by
Bank
1. Accepting deposit
2. Loan services
3. ATMs Services
4. Bank Guarantee
5. Check Payment
6. Collection and Payment Agreement
7. Consultancy
8. Credit Cards
9. Debit Cards
10. Discounting of Bills of Exchange
Services offered by
Bank
11.Foreign currency exchange
12.Home banking
13.Mobile banking
14.Online banking
15.Overdraft
16.Priority banking
17.Private banking
18.Remittance of funds
Organization and
Structure of Banks
In exchange for earning interest and fees, banks provide financial
products and services to their clients. In line with aforementioned
services, banking executives should possess knowledge on the
intricacies of finance and monetary instruments in order to make
sound decisions based on capital adequacy, asset management
and interest rate risks. A strong organizational structure can help a
bank thrive while offering a variety of financial services.
Organization and Structure of
Banks

Executives Directors Department Bank Staff

Managers
FRACTIONS

1 NUMERATOR

3 DENOMINATOR
 FRACTIONS
TYPES OF FRACTIONS:

PROPER IMPROPER MIXED

FRACTION FRACTION FRACTION
Example: Example: Example:
 Changing Mixed numbers to Improper
Fractions

Sample problem:

?
 Changing Improper Fractions to Mixed
numbers
Sample problem:

?
 ADDING AND
SUBTRACTING
FRACTIONS
Add and subtract
 MULTIPLYING AND
DIVIDING FRACTIONS

Divide and multiply

 PERCENTS,
DECIMALS, AND
FRACTIONS
Writing Decimals as Percent

Step 1 Multiply the decimal by 100. Add zeros as

placeholders if necessary.

Step 2 Place a percent symbol at the end of the

number.
Write each decimal as a percent.

a.0.37 b.0.7

Step 1 Step 2
a. 0.37 0.37 37% Add zero as a placeholder

b. 0.7 0.70 70% Add zero as a placeholder

Writing Fractions as Percent

Step 1 Write the fraction as a decimal (divide the

numerator by the denominator). Write a mixed
number as an improper fraction before dividing.

Step 2 Write the decimal as a percent. Round the

percent to the desired place value.
Write each fraction as a percent.

a. b.

Step 1 Step 2
a. 5

b.
7 1.40=140%
Writing Percent as Decimals

Step 1 Remove the percent symbol from the number.

Divide the percent by 100. Use zeros as
placeholders if necessary.

Step 2 Round the number to the desired place value.

Write each percent as decimal.

a. 24% b. 2.3%

Step 1 Step 2
a. 24% 24% 0.24

b. 2.3% 2.3% 0.023 Add zero as a placeholder

Writing Fractional Percent as Decimals

Step 1 Change the fractional percent to a decimal

percent by dividing.

Step 2 Remove the percent symbol. Divide the

percent by 100. Add zeros as placeholders if
necessary.

Step 3 Round the percent to the desired place value

Write each percent as decimal.

a. b.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

a. 9.75% 09.75% 0.0975
b. 0.333% 00.333 0.0033
Writing Percent as Fractions

Step 1 Replace the percent symbol with a

denominator of 100.

Step 2 Write the fraction in lowest terms.

Write each percent as decimal.

a. 34 b. 8

Step 1 Step 2
a. 34%

b. 8%
Measurements
 Objectives

Convert from Convert from

one metric unit one metric unit
to another. to another.
 SYSTEMS OF
MEASUREMENT
METER
INCHES GRAMS
SECONDS
FEET
KELVIN
YARD AMPERE
MILE CANDELA
MOLE
US Customary System
Metric system
Based Units in the Metric System
meter length mole Amount of substance

liter volume ampere Electric current

gram mass kelvin temperature

second time candela Luminous intensity

Prefixes in the Metric System

kilo- thousand deci- tenth

hecto- hundred centi- hundredth

deca ten milli- thousandth

 CONVERTING WIHTIN THE
METRIC SYSTEM
kilo- hecto- deca- unit deci- centi- milli-

1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

x1000 x100 x10 100 1000

 CONVERTING WIHTIN THE
METRIC SYSTEM

Steps:

Look at the table and count the number of places to the left or right that you
need to move the decimal point to convert from your current unit to the new
unit.

Move the decimal point in your measurement the number of places and
direction that you determined in Step 1.
 CONVERTING WIHTIN THE
METRIC SYSTEM
Length Weight Volume

10 millimeters = 1 centimeter 10 milligrams = 1 centigram 10 millimeter = 1 centiliter

10 centimeters = 1 decimeter 10 centigrams = 1 decigram 10 centiliters = 1 deciliter

10 decimeters = 1 meter 10 decigrams = 1 gram 10 deciliters = 1 liter

10 meters = 1 dekameter 10 grams = 1 dekagram 10 liters = 1 dekaliter

10 dekameters = 1 hectometer 10 dekagrams = 1 hectogram 10 dekaliters = 1 hectoliter

10 hectometers = 1 kilometer 10 hectograms = 1 kilogram 10 hectoliters = 1 kilometer

Example:
425.6 decimeters to dekameters?

425.6 decimeters = 4.256 dekameters

2 1
kilo- hecto- deka- unit deci- centi- milli-

1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

x1000 x100 x10 ÷10 ÷100 ÷1000

Example:
425.6 decimeters to dekameters?

425.6 decimeters = 4.256 dekameters

2 1
kilo- hecto- deka- unit deci- centi- milli-

1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

x1000 x100 x10 ÷10 ÷100 ÷1000

 CONVERTING FROM ONE
SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT TO
ANOTHER
Common Approximate Conversions

Length Weight Volume

1 in = 2.54 cm 1 oz = 28.4 g 1qt = 0.946 l

1 m = 39.37 in 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 l = 1.057 qt

1 mile = 1.609 km 1 lb = 453.6 g

 CONVERTING FROM ONE
SYSTEM TO ANOTHER
Steps:

1. Determine the conversion factor from the table.

2. Write and solve a proportion involving the conversion factor

and the given measurement.
Example:
Common Approximate Conversions

304.8 cm to inches?
Length Weight Volume
304.8 cm x
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 oz = 28.4 g 1qt = 0.946 l
304.8 cm x =120 in
1 m = 39.37 in 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 l = 1.057 qt

1 mile = 1.609 1 lb = 453.6 g

km
Example:
Common Approximate Conversions

2 miles to meters?
Length Weight Volume
2 mi x
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 oz = 28.4 g 1qt = 0.946 l
2 mi x
1 m = 39.37 in 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 l = 1.057 qt
=3,218 m

1 mile = 1.609 1 lb = 453.6 g

km
Common Conversions for the Customary
System of Measurements
Length Liquid Volume

12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon

5,280 feet = 1 mile
Weight
16 ounces = 1 pound
2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce
8 fluid ounces = 1 cup
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gallon
Example: Length Liquid Volume

12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 3 teaspoons = 1

3 mi to yards? 1 yard 5,280 feet = 1 mile tablespoon
2 tablespoons = 1 fluid
3 mi x Weight ounce
8 fluid ounces = 1 cup
16 ounces = 1 pound 2 cups = 1 pint
3 mi x 2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gallon

=5,280 yds