DETERMINING THE TRUTHFULNESS AND

ACCURACY OF THE MATERIAL VIEWED

VINCENT S. NIEZ, LPT, MAENGED-CAR
T-I
 BACKGROUND
INFORMATION

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 Every day in your life, you get a lot of information from
different sources. You can get them by reading the newspapers and
magazines, hear over the radio and see information from the
television. Some of the information can gathered from your friends,
neighbors and relatives. There is indeed a wide source available on
hand. But, with all these heavy words of information not all are
truthful and accurate.
Determining the truthfulness and accuracy of the
information is important in making decisions. The acquired facts or
information should be reliable and must be based on truth. Your
decisions may be wrong if you have inaccurate and misleading
facts or information. Knowing the truthfulness and accuracy of the
material viewed is the foundation of good communication.

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 Truth & Accuracy
• Truth is the reality behind facts. Facts are the available data.
• Accuracy means not only getting the objectively verifiable ‘fact’
right – names, places, dates of birth, quotes, the results of sporting
fixtures – but accurately reporting opinions expressed by those
who you report.
• Truth is the reality behind facts. Facts are the available data.
• Accuracy means not only getting the objectively verifiable ‘fact’
right – names, places, dates of birth, quotes, the results of sporting
fixtures – but accurately reporting opinions expressed by those
who you report.

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1. The same information can be found in other
reliable sources.

Take notes of the main facts presented

in the material viewed. Compare it with
multiple sources. Are the information or
facts presented present in other sources? If
the information is the same in multiple
sources then you have a truthful and
accurate information.

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2. The sources used for documentation are known
to be generally reliable.

Establishing the accuracy of

multimedia sources can be challenging
because they often represent a combination
of facts, opinions and perspectives from
different individuals. Do not trust
anonymous sources.

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3. The author of the information is known to have
expertise on that subject.
Determining the knowledge and
expertise of the subject or the speaker in a
multimedia source is very important. Anyone
can make an assertion or a statement about
something but only someone who knows that
thing can make a reasonably reliable statement
or assertion about it. Research the person who
is making the statement.

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4. The presentation is free from logical fallacies
or errors.
Determining the knowledge and
expertise of the subject or the speaker in a
multimedia source is very important. Anyone
can make an assertion or a statement about
something but only someone who knows that
thing can make a reasonably reliable statement
or assertion about it. Research the person who
is making the statement.

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5. Quotations are “in context’” – the meaning of
the original work is kept in the work which
quotes the original.
Statements quoted in the material
viewed must be quoted correctly and
accurately. If it is used in context or in the
material viewed, the meaning of the original
statement must be kept and no opinion and
assumptions about it should be made.

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 Here are some indications that information
may not be accurate and not true:

1. Facts cannot be verified or are contradicted on the

other sources.
2. Sources used are known to be unreliable or highly
biased.
3. Sources used or cited is inadequate or non-existent.
4. Quotations are taken out of context and given a
different meaning.
5. Presence of one or more logical fallacies.

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FACT AND OPINION

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 Students must develop skills in determining truthfulness in any
statements. To do this, one must understand the definitions and concepts of
fact and opinion.
What is FACT?
A fact is a statement that is consistent with reality or can be proven
with evidence. It is a statement that is real or true, or a thing that can be
shown to be real or true. A fact is something that has really happened or is
actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is whether it can be
seen to be true.
Examples:
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. The Philippine President is Rodrigo R. Duterte.
3. The troposphere is the bottom layer of the atmosphere, where clouds,
rain, snow, and other weather phenomena occur.

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 What is OPINION?
An opinion is a personal judgment. It is an expression of
someone’s view or belief that is not demonstrable as fact. Opinions
can provide useful information, but they should be supported by
evidence.
Examples:
1. The salad is sweeter than the jelly.
2. Her fashion style is on trend.
3. Many lower-income families of the barrio manage to maintain a
comfortable standard of living through the communal action of
family members who contribute their wages to the head of the
family.
4. I think dancing Zumba is better than jogging.

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 Fact and opinion are often
interrelated to one another especially
in texts and speeches. Therefore,
students must unlock skills in
distinguishing the differences of the
two.

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Here are examples of signal words used in determining
facts and opinions:
FACT
• The new study confirms…
• Medical experts have recently discovered…
• According to the results of the clinical trials…
• The doctors demonstrated…
OPINION
• They claimed that…
• It is the teacher’s view that…
• The debater argues that…
• Many people suspect that…
• From the examples above, the signal words used are helpful in determining whether the
statement is a fact or an opinion.

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 THANK YOU 

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