Directed-Deductive

Reasoning
PRESENTED BY
Cindy Dianne Sanchez & Zyric David
 DIRECTED • Is a cognitive process where
DEDUCTIVE individuals draw specific
conclusions based on general
REASONING principles or theories.
• In this approach, one starts with
a set of general premises or
assumptions and uses logical
inference to arrive at a specific
conclusion. It involves moving
from the general to the
specific.
 IMPORTANCE
DIRECTED-DEDUCTIVE REASONING

 is often used in research to test hypotheses or

theories by gathering data to confirm or refute them.

 It is also commonly employed in various problem-

solving tasks and decision-making processes,
where individuals apply known principles or rules to
arrive at specific solutions or decisions.
 PROS & CONS
DIRECTED-DEDUCTIVE REASONING

 This strategy is advantageous because it

allows for a systematic and focused
approach to research.
 However, it may limit the scope of the
research and overlook other relevant
factors not included in the original theory
or hypothesis.
 01 LOGIC EXAMPLE!

|If the premise is "All humans are mortal"

and the premise is "Socrates is a human,"
then the directed deductive reasoning leads
to the conclusion "Socrates is mortal."
1. General theory - "All humans are mortal"
2. Derive hypothesis - "Socrates is a human

3. Confirm based on results - "Socrates is mortal."

 In research, directed-deductive
and directed-inductive strategies
represent different approaches to
reasoning and knowledge
generation:
 A structured approach based on
process…
Directed-Deductive Strategy
|In this approach, researchers start with a general theory
or hypothesis and then design their study to test or confirm
this theory.
Directed-Inductive Strategy
|In contrast, directed-inductive strategy involves starting
with specific observations or data and then working
towards a more general theory or conclusion.
 02 A structured approach based on
data collection…
Directed-Deductive Strategy
|The research process typically involves gathering data
that can either support or refute the initial hypothesis.
Directed-Inductive Strategy
| In contrast to Directed-Inductive Reasoning, researchers
collect empirical evidence and analyze patterns or trends
within the data to develop broader theories or conceptual
frameworks.
 03 A structured approach based on
research method…
Directed-Deductive Strategy
|This strategy is often associated with quantitative research methods,
such as experiments or surveys, where data is analyzed to confirm or
reject hypotheses.
Directed-Inductive Strategy
|In contrast, Directed-Inductive is commonly used in qualitative research
methods, such as ethnography or grounded theory, where researchers aim
to build theories based on observed patterns or themes in the data.
  The main difference between
directed-deductive and directed-
IN SUMMARY, inductive strategies lies in the
direction of reasoning:
• deductive reasoning moves from
general theories to specific
conclusions,
• while inductive reasoning moves
from specific observations to
broader theories or
generalizations.