THEORY & DESIGN OF STRUCTURES II

STEPHEN J M.E.(STRUCTURAL ENGG)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
KOMBOLCHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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 READY

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 STRESS
&
STRAIN
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 INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTIO
Some Basic Definitions:
N
Load: It is the effect of acceleration, including that
due to gravity, imposed deformation or
volumetric change.
Load Factor: A coefficient expressing the probability of
variations in the nominal load for the
expected service life of the bridge.
Permanent Loads: Loads or forces which are, or assumed to
be, constant upon completion of construction.
Force Effects: A deformation or a stress resultant, i.e.,
thrust, shear, torque/or moment, caused by
applied loads, imposed deformation or
volumetric changes.
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 TYPES OF FORCES
 TENSILE
 COMPRESSIVE
 SHEAR
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 TENSILE FORCE
A stretching force (tension)
pulling at both ends of a
component or structure along
its length will be called as
TENSILE FORCE.

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 TENSILE FORCE

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 COMPRESSIVE FORCE
A inward force (compression)
pushing at both ends of a
component or structure along
its length will be called as
COMPRESSIVE FORCE.

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 COMPRESSIVE FORCE

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 SHEAR FORCE
A force acting in a direction
parallel to a surface or to a
planar cross section of a body.
It will be called as
SHEAR FORCE.

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 SHEAR FORCE

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 TENSILE, COMPRESSIVE, SHEAR

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 STRESS
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 STRESS - DEFINITION
• Internal resistance of a metal offered
against the deformation which is force per
unit area.

Stress = Load __N___

Area mm2

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 TYPES OF STRESS
TENSILE STRESS
COMPRESSIVE STRESS
SHEAR STRESS

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 TENSILE STRESS
Stress which is occurred due to
tensile force (pulling or stretching
force) will be called as
TENSILE STRESS
It will be also called as
LONGITUDINAL STRESS
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 COMPRESSIVE STRESS
Stress which is occurred due to
compressive force (pushing or
inward force) will be called as
COMPRESSIVE STRESS.
It will be also called as
VOLUMETRIC STRESS
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 SHEAR STRESS
Stress which is occurred due to
shear force will be called as
SHEAR STRESS.
It will be also called as
TANGENTIAL STRESS
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 STRESSES

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 STRAIN
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 STRAIN - DEFINITION
 The displacement compared to the length
is the strain.
 Strain is the relative change in shape or
size or length of an object due to externally
applied load.
 The ratio between CHANGE IN
DIMENSION to the ORIGINAL DIMENSION will
be called as strain.
 It has no units.

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 TYPES OF STRAINS
TENSILE STRAIN
COMPRESSIVE STRAIN
SHEAR STRAIN
VOLUMETRIC STRAIN
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 TENSILE STRAIN
Strain which is occurred due to
tensile force (pulling or stretching
force) will be called as
TENSILE STRAIN
It will be also called as
LONGITUDINAL STRAIN
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 COMPRESSIVE STRAIN
Strain which is occurred due to
compressive force (pushing or
inward force) will be called as
COMPRESSIVE STRAIN

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 TENSILE STRAIN
& COMPRESSIVE STRAIN

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 SHEAR STRAIN
Strain which is occurred due to
shear force will be called as
SHEAR STRAIN.
It will be also called as
TANGENTIAL STRAIN
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 SHEAR STRAIN

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 VOLUMETRIC STRAIN
The ratio between change in
volume to the original volume of
the body or metal or element
will be called as
VOLUMETRIC STRAIN
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 VOLUMETRIC STRAIN

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Questions?

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