RECA

LL
REPLICA
TION
 REPLICA
In 1953, TIONand
James Watson Francis Crick
worked out that DNA is double helix like a
twisted staircase. The two sugar-phosphate
backbones make up the sides and the base pairs
make up the rungs or steps of the twisted
staircase.
 REPLICA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is
TION copied during interphase
prior to mitosis and meiosis. It is important that
new copies are exactly like the original molecule.
The structure of the DNA provides a mechanism
for making accurate copies of the molecule.
 REPLICA
The structure of the TION
DNA provides a mechanism
for making accurate copies of the molecule. The
process of making copies of DNA is called
replication. When DNA replicates, two identical
copies of DNA molecules are produced, which are
exactly the same as the original.
 CENTRAL
The central DOGMA
dogma illustrates the flow of
genetic information in cells, the DNA
replication, and coding for the RNA
through the transcription process and
further RNA codes for the proteins by
translation.
 CENTRAL
DOGMA
The central dogma takes place in two
different stes: TRANSCRIPTION and
TRANSLATION.
 PROCESS OF
REPLICATION
Step 1. An enzyme called helicase breaks the
bond between nitrogenous bases. The two
strands of DNA split.

• Step 2. The bases attached to each strand

then lair up with the free nucleotides found in
the cytoplasm.
 PROCESS OF
Step 3. The complementary nucleotides are added to each
REPLICATION
strand by DNA polymerase to form a new strands. Two
new DNA molecules, each with a parent strand and each
with a new strand are formed. The DNA replication is
known as semi-conservative replication, because one of
the old strands is conserved in each new molecule.
 KEY
• DNA is CONCEPT
made up of sugars, phosphate
groups, and nitrogenous bases and its shape
is a double helix. The complementary
structure the two strands of DNA allow each
strand to serves as a template during
replication.
 KEY
CONCEPT
• The specificity of the base painting in DNA
adenine with thymine, and cytosine with
guanine, allows DNA to replicate itself with
accuracy.
ACTIV
 ACTIV
Make a one paragraph essay or text about the

ITY
importance of studying DNA and RNA
ACTIV
FIND ME!
 ACTIV
Find the hidden words in the text box, then an

ITY
additional mechanics will be given by the
teacher and after that you will define the word.
Example of Additional Mechanics:
“RUN LIKE YOU ARE CHASED BY A DOG”
 FIND ME!
ACTIV
ITY
kajajjahahhabswndidlwbsjlqjaksugdnsnsjoskgag
sbreplicationksugdbdbdkdnhxjdkdngsjsn
 FIND ME!
ACTIV
ITY
Kajajjahahhabswndidlwbsjlqjaksugdnsnsjoskgag
sbreplicationksugdbdbdkdnhxjdkdngsjsn
 FIND ME!
ACTIV
ITY
kshdnkshajsnhqkalmslskskndhdhgsklalmapwugs
benzymenjsusvkwowhqjaksgkwl
 FIND ME!
ACTIV
ITY
Kshdnkshajsnhqkalmslskskndhdhgsklalmapwug
sbenzymenjsusvkwowhqjaksgkwl
 FIND ME!
ACTIV
ITY
ajaoslkbsowkbwhsisbhsjsgaiwkgdkansbcytoplas
mslhsksugsksvvsdhffyjcshlarikgwehjfduihrtikhg
h
 FIND ME!
ACTIV
ITY
Ajaoslkbsowkbwhsisbhsjsgaiwkgdkansbcytoplas
mslhsksugsksvvsdhffyjcshlarikgwehjfduihrtikhg
h
REPLICATI
MAJOR TYPES OF RNA
mMRNA
 1
This type of RNA works by passing genetic material into
ribosomes and transmitting information about the types of proteins
that the body cells need. These forms of RNA are classified as
messenger RNA because of their functions. As a result, mRNA
plays an important role in the transcription and protein synthesis
processes.

mRNA
tRNA
 2
The transfer RNA (tRNA) is in charge of selecting the correct
protein or amino acids required by the body, thus assisting the
ribosomes. It can be found at the amino acid's endpoints. This type
of RNA is also known as soluble RNA, and it connects the
messenger RNA to the amino acid.

tRNA
rRNA
 3
The ribosome's portion, rRNA, is located in the cytoplasm of a cell,
where ribosomes are found. Ribosomal RNA is essential for the
synthesis and translation of mRNA into proteins in all living cells.
The most prevalent RNA inside the cells of all living beings is
rRNA, which is primarily made up of cellular RNA.

rRNA
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TRANCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION