STOMACH

DEFINITION
The stomach is a muscular bag forming the widest and
most distensible part of digestive tube.
It is connected above to the lower end of oesophagus,
and below to the duodenum.
LOCATION
The stomach lies obliquely in the upper and left part
of the abdomen, occupying the epigastric,umbilical
and left hypochondriac region.
 SHAPE
When empty-it is J shaped.
When distended- pyriform in shape.
SIZE
It is about 25cm long
Mean capacity-
 at birth-30ml
 at puberty-1000ml
 adults-1500 to 2000ml
EXTERNAL FEATURES

It has two orifice,two curvatures,two surfaces.

ORIFICE

1)CARDIAC
ORIFICE

2)PYLORIC
ORIFICE
curvatures
1)lesser curvature-it provide attachment to the lesser
omentum.
2)greater curvature-provide attachment to the greater
omentum,gastrosplenic ligament,gastrophrenic
ligament.
SURFACES

Ant. surface
Post. surface
PARTS
Cardiac part
Pyloric part
Cardiac part subdivided into-fundus and body
Pyloric part subdivided into-pyloric antrum and
pyloric canal.
RELATIONS
Peritoneal relation
VISCERAL RELATION
Ant. Surface
Post. Surface-presence of stomach bed
STOMACH BED
INTERIOR OF STOMACH
BLOOD SUPPLY
VENOUS DRAINAGE
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
NERVE SUPPLY
ABDOMINAL PART OF OESOPHAGUS
1. The abdominal part of the oesophagus is only about
1.25 cm long.
2. The oesophageal opening of the diaphragm transmits
oesophagus, the anterior and posterior gastric nerves,
the oesophageal branches of the left gastric artery and
the accompanying veins.
3. These veins of oesophagus drain partly into portal and
partly into systemic circulation. it is a site of
portosystemic anastomoses.
External features of the stomach
The stomach bed
Arteries supplying the stomach
Nerve Supply
The anterior gastric nerve gives:
• A number of gastric branches for the anterior surface of
the fundus and body of the stomach.
• Two pyloric branches,
• The posterior gastric nerve
• Smaller, gastric branches for the posterior surface of the
fundus
• Larger, coeliac branches for the coeliac plexus.
Nerve supply of the stomach: (a) Anterior gastric nerve, and (b)
posterior gastric nerve
Interior of Stomach
• The mucosa of an empty stomach is thrown into folds
termed as gastric rugae
On the mucosal surface there are numerous
gastric pits
• Submucous coat
• Muscle coat:
(a) Longitudinal fibres
(b) Inner circular fibres encircle the body and are
thickened at pylorus
(c) The deepest layer consists of oblique fibres which
loop over the cardiac notch
• Serous coat
CLINICAL ANATOMY
Gastric pain is felt in the epigastrium because the stomach
is supplied from segments T6 to T9 of the spinal cord,
which also supply the upper part of the abdominal wall.
Peptic ulcer
Gastric ulcers are common in people who are always in
“hurry”, mostly “worry” about incidents and eat “spicy
curry”.
APPLIED
Gastric pain
Peptic ulcer
Gastric ulcer
Gastric carcinoma
Pyloric obstruction