PANCREAS

• Pancreas is a dual organ having two functions,

namely ENDOCRINE FUNCTION and EXOCRINE
Function.
• ENDOCRINE Function is concerned with the
production of HORMONES.
• EXOCRINE Function is concerned with the
Secretion of Digestive juice called PANCREATIC
JUICE.
 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF EXOCRINE
PART OF PANCREAS
• ACINI
• ZYMOGEN GRANULES
• INTRALOBULAR DUCT WIRSUNG DUCT
• WIRSUNG DUCT + COMMON BILE DUCT =
AMPULLA OF VATER
• Accessory duct : DUCT OF SANTORINI
PROPERTIES OF PANCREATIC JUICE

• PROPERTIES OF PANCREATIC JUICE

• Volume : 500 to 800 ml /day

• Reaction: Highly alkaline
• PH: 8 to 8.3
• Specific gravity: 1.010 to 1.018
COMPOSITION OF PANCREATIC JUICE
 MECHANISM OF PANCREATIC SECRETION
• SECRETION OF PANCREATIC ENZYMES:
• PE synthesized in Ribosomes (Acinar cells)

• Raw material for synthesis of PE are the Amino acids

• After Synthesis , the enzyme are packed in to different

ZYMOGEN GRANULES By Golgi A

• When Stimulated Acinar cells Release ZYMOGEN

GRANULES In to Pancreatic duct
• SECRETION OF BICARBONATE IONS:
 FUNCTION OF PANCREATIC JUICE
DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS OF PANCREATIC JUICE

1. DIGESTION OF PROTEINS:-

A. TRYPSIN ENTEROKINASE
 TRYPSINOGEN TRYPSIN
 (Inactive) (Active)

 Trypsin inhibitor
• ACTION OF TRYPSIN:
• 1. Digestion of Proteins: Most powerful Proteolytic
enzyme.
PROTEINS PROTEOSES & POLYPEPTIDES
2. Curding of milk: Caseinogen Casein
3. Blood clotting : It accelerates blood clotting
4. It Activates the other enzymes of pancreatic juice.
• B. CHYMOTRYPSIN
Trypsin
 CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN CHYMOTRYPSIN
 (Inactive) (Active)

 ACTION OF CHYMOTRYPSIN:
• 1. . Digestion of Proteins:
PROTEINS POLYPEPTIDES
.2. Curding of milk: Caseinogen Casein
(faster then Trypsin)
• C. CARBOXYPEPTIDASES:
• Procarboxypeptidase A carboxypeptidase A
• Procarboxypeptidase B carboxypeptidase B

• ACTION:
• carboxypeptidase A : Proteins Amino acid
• (Aromatic side chain)

• carboxypeptidase B : Proteins Amino acid

• (Basic side chain)
• D. NUCLEASES
• Digestion of Nucleic acids
• RNA & DNA – Mononucleotides

E. ELASTASE
 Proelastase Trypsin Elastase
(Inactive) (Active)
Elastase Digest the ELASTIC FIBERS
F. COLLAGENASE
 Procollagenase Trypsin Collagenase
(Inactive) (Active)

Digest the COLLAGEN

1. DIGESTION OF LIPIDS:-
1. PANCREATIC LIPASE: PANCREATIC LIPASE IS A
POWERFUL LIPOLYTIC ENZYME.
TG MG & FATTY ACIDS
Digestion of Fat by Pancreatic Lipase requires two
more factors : 1) Bile salt 2) Colipase

2. CHOLESTEROL ESTER HYDROLASE (CHOLESTEROL

ESTERASE) :
Cholesterol Ester Free Cholesterol & Fatty Acid
• 3. PHOSPHOLIPASE A: Active by Trypsin
• Lecithin Lysolecithin
• Cephalin Lycocephalin

• 4. PHOSPHOLIPASE B: Active by Trypsin

Lysolecithin or Lycocephalin Phosphoryl choline & FFA

5. COLIPASE: Is a small coenzyme

Procolipase Trypsin Colipase
Colipase facilitates digestive action of pancreatic lipase on Fat.

6. BILE– SALT ACTIVATED LIPASE:

Activated by Bile salt.
DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES:
 PANCREATIC AMYLASE

Starch Dextrin & Maltose

REGULATION OF PANCREATIC SECRETION
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
STEATORRHEA